Holcombe Beverly, Gervasio Jane: Adult Parenteral Nutrition. Applied Therapeutics The Clinical Use of Drugs. Edited by: Koda-Kimble MA, Young LY, Kradjan WA, Guglielmo BJ, Alldredge BK, Corelli RL. 2005, Baltimore, Maryland: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 37-1. 8
Google Scholar
Dudrick SJ, Wilmore DW, Vars HM, Rhoads JE: Long-term total parenteral nutrition with growth, development, and positive nitrogen balance. Surgery. 1968, 64: 134-42.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wilmore DW, Dudrick SJ: Growth and development of an infant receiving all nutrients exclusively by vein. JAMA. 1968, 203: 860-4. 10.1001/jama.203.10.860.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dudrick SJ, Wilmore DW, Vars HM, Rhoads JE: Can intravenous feeding as the sole means of nutrition support growth in the child and restore weight loss in an adult? An affirmative answer. Ann Surg. 1969, 169: 974-84. 10.1097/00000658-196906000-00018.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Goodgame JT: A critical assessment of the indications for total parenteral nutrition. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1980, 151: 433-41.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koretz RL: What supports nutritional support?. Dig Dis Sci. 1984, 29: 577-88. 10.1007/BF01296278.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koretz RL, Meyer JH: Elemental diets--facts and fantasies. Gastroenterology. 1980, 78: 393-410.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cerra FB: Is there a role for nutritional support in gastrointestinal surgery?. Progress in gastrointestinal surgery. Edited by: Najarian JS, Delaney JP. 1989, Chicago: Year Book Medical, 388-94.
Google Scholar
Steinberg EP, Anderson GF: Implications of Medicare's prospective payment system for specialized nutrition services. Nutr Clin Pract. 1986, 1: 12-28.
Google Scholar
Studley HO: Percentage of weight loss: basic indicator of surgical risk in patients with chronic peptic ulcer. JAMA. 1936, 106: 458-
Google Scholar
Rhoads JE, Alexander CE: Nutritional problems of surgical patients. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1955, 63: 268-75. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1955.tb32095.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bistrian BR, Blackburn GL, Hallowell E, Heddle R: Protein status of general surgical patients. JAMA. 1974, 230: 858-10.1001/jama.230.6.858.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bistrian BR, Blackburn GL, Vitale J, Cochran D, Naylor J: Prevalence of malnutrition in general medical patients. JAMA. 1976, 235: 1567-10.1001/jama.235.15.1567.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kaminski MV, Fitzgerald MJ, Murphy RJ: Correlation of mortality with serum transferrin and anergy. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1977, 1: 27-
Google Scholar
Mullen JL, Gertner MH, Buzby GP, Goodhart GL, Rosato EF: Implications of malnutrition in the surgical patient. Arch Surg. 1979, 114: 121-
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nazari S, Comincioli V, Dionigi R, Comodi I, Dionigi P, Capelo A: Cluster analysis of nutritional and immunological indicators for identification of high risk surgical patients. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1981, 5: 307-10.1177/0148607181005004307.
CAS
Google Scholar
Buzby GP, Mullen JL, Matthews DC, Hobbs CL, Rosato EF: Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery. Am J Surg. 1980, 139: 160-10.1016/0002-9610(80)90246-9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dempsey DT, Mullen JL, Buzby GP: The link between nutritional status and clinical outcome: can nutritional intervention modify it?. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988, 47: 352-
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reilly JJ, Hull SF, Albert N, Waller A, Bringardener S: Economic impact of malnutrition: a model system for hospitalized patients. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1988, 12: 371-10.1177/0148607188012004371.
Google Scholar
Haydock DA, Hill GL: Impaired wound healing in surgical patients with varying degrees of malnutrition. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1986, 10: 550-10.1177/0148607186010006550.
CAS
Google Scholar
Holter AR, Fischer JE: The effects of perioperative hyperalimentation on complications in patients with carcinoma and weight loss. J Surg Res. 1977, 23: 31-10.1016/0022-4804(77)90186-X.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Holter AR, Rosen HM, Fischer JE: The effects of hyperalimentation on major surgery in patients with malignant disease: a prospective study. Acta Chir Scand. 1976, 466 (Suppl): 86-
CAS
Google Scholar
Lim ST, Choa RG, Lam KH, Wong J, Ong GB: Total parenteral nutrition versus gastrostomy in the preoperative preparation of patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus. Br J Surg. 1981, 68: 69-72. 10.1002/bjs.1800680202.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Meakins JL, Pietsch JB, Bubenick O, Kelly R, Rode H, Gordon J: Delayed hypersensitivity: indicator of acquired failure of host defenses in sepsis and trauma. Ann Surg. 1977, 186: 241-10.1097/00000658-197709000-00002.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Moghissi K, Hornshaw J, Teasdale PR, Dawes EA: Parenteral nutrition in carcinoma of the oesophagus treated by surgery: nitrogen balance and clinical studies. Br J Surg. 1977, 64: 125-10.1002/bjs.1800640211.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Simms JM, Oliver E, Smith JAR: A study of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in major gastric and esophageal resection for neoplasia. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1980, 4: 422-
Google Scholar
Heatley RV, Williams RH, Lewis MH: Pre-operative intravenous feeding--a controlled trial. Postgrad Med J. 1979, 55: 541-10.1136/pgmj.55.646.541.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Müller JM, Dienst C, Brenner U, Pichlmaier H: Preoperative parenteral feeding in patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma. Lancet. 1982, 319: 68-71.
Google Scholar
Mullen JL, Buzby GP, Matthews DC, Smale BF, Rosato EF: Reduction of operative morbidity and mortality by combined preoperative and postoperative nutritional support. Ann Surg. 1980, 192: 604-
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Heymsfield SB, Bethel RA, Ansley JD, Nixon DW, Rudman D: Enteral hyperalimentation: An alternative to central venous hyperalimentation. Ann Intern Med. 1979, 90: 63-
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hoover HC, Ryan JA, Anderson EJ, Fischer JE: Nutritional benefits of immediate postoperative jejunal feeding of an elemental diet. Am J Surg. 1980, 139: 153-9. 10.1016/0002-9610(80)90245-7.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moore EE, Jones TN: Nutritional assessment and preliminary report on early support of the trauma patient. J Am Coll Nutr. 1983, 2: 45-
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Perioperative total parenteral nutrition in surgical patients: The Veterans Affairs Total Parenteral Nutrition Cooperative Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1991, 325: 525-32. 10.1056/NEJM199108223250801.
Buzby GP, Williford WO, Peterson OL, Crosby LO, Page CP, Reinhardt GF: A randomized clinical trial of total parenteral nutrition in malnourished surgical patients: the rationale and impact of previous clinical trials and pilot study on protocol design. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988, 47: 357-
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bellantone R, Doglietto GB, Bossola M, Pacelli F, Negro F, Sofo L: Preoperative parenteral nutrition in the high risk surgical patient. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1988, 12: 195-10.1177/0148607188012002195.
CAS
Google Scholar
Perioperative parenteral nutrition: Health and Public Policy Committee, American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 1987, 107: 252-3.
Google Scholar
Heyland DK, Montalvo M, MacDonald S, Keefe L, Su XY, Drover JW: Total parenteral nutrition in the surgical patient: a meta-analysis. Can J Surg. 2001, 44: 102-11.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kathleen M, Teasley-Strausburg : Indication for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Nutrition Support Handbook A Compendium of Products with Guidelines for Usage. Edited by: Kathleen M Teasley-Strausburg, Frank B Cerra, Sharon Lehmann, Eva P Shronts. 1992, Cincinnati, Ohio USA: Harvey Whitney Books Company, 37-
Google Scholar
Teasley-Strausburg Kathleen: Indication for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Nutrition Support Handbook A Compendium of Products with Guidelines for Usage. Edited by: Kathleen M Teasley-Strausburg, Frank B Cerra, Sharon Lehmann, Eva P Shronts. 1992, Cincinnati, Ohio USA: Harvey Whitney Books Company, 38-
Google Scholar
Standards for nutrition support: hospitalized patients. Nutr Clin Pract. 1988, 3: 28-31. 10.1177/011542658800300128.
Hadaway LC: Evaluation and use of advanced IV technology part 1: central venous access devices. J Intraven Nurs. 1989, 12: 73-
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ryder MA: Parenteral nutrition delivery systems. Nutritional support in nursing. Edited by: Grant JA, Kennedy-Caldwell C. 1988, Philadelphia: Grune & Straton, 133-89.
Google Scholar
Forlaw L, Torosian MH: Central venous catheter care. Clinical nutrition. Edited by: Rombeau JL, Caldwell MD. 1986, Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2: 316-30.
Google Scholar
Speer EW: Central venous catheterization: issues associated with the use of single- and multiple-lumen catheters. J Intraven Nurs. 1990, 13: 30-9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Handy CM: Vascular access devices: Hospital to home care. J Intraven Nurs. 1989, 12 (Suppl1): S10-8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Murphy LM, Lipman TO: Central venous catheter care in parenteral nutrition: a review. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1987, 11: 190-10.1177/0148607187011002190.
CAS
Google Scholar
Brown-Smith JK, Stoner MH, Barley ZA: Tunneled catheter thrombosis: factors related to incidence. Oncol Nurs Forum. 1990, 17: 543-9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wheeler N: Parenteral nutrition. Manual of pediatric nutrition. Edited by: Kelts DG, Jones EG. 1984, Boston: Little, Brown, 151-65.
Google Scholar
Morris LL: Critical care's most versatile tool. RN. 1988, 51: 42-
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pemberton LB, Lyman B, Lander V, Covinsky J: Sepsis from triple-vs single-lumen catheters during total parenteral nutrition in surgical or critically ill patients. Arch Surg. 1986, 121: 591-
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hilton E, Haslett TM, Borenstein MT, Tucci V, Isenberg HD, Singer C: Central catheter infections: Single-versus triple-lumen catheters: Influence of guide wires on infection rates when used for replacement of catheters. Am J Med. 1988, 84: 667-72. 10.1016/0002-9343(88)90102-7.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wolfe BM, Ryder MA, Nishikawa RA, Halsted CH, Schmidt BF: Complications of parenteral nutrition. Am J Surg. 1986, 152: 93-9. 10.1016/0002-9610(86)90153-4.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mantese VA, German DS, Kaminski DL, Herrmann VM: Colonization and sepsis from triple-lumen catheters in critically ill patients. Am J Surg. 1987, 154: 597-10.1016/0002-9610(87)90224-8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McCarthy MC, Shives JK, Robison RJ, Broadie TA: Prospective evaluation of single and triple lumen catheters in total parenteral nutrition. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1987, 11: 259-10.1177/0148607187011003259.
CAS
Google Scholar
Schropp KP, Ginn-Pease ME, King DR: Catheter-related sepsis: a review of the experience with Broviac and Hickman catheters. Nutrition. 1988, 4: 195-200.
Google Scholar
Holcombe Beverly, Gervasio Jane: Adult Parenteral Nutrition. Applied Therapeutics The Clinical Use of Drugs. Edited by: Koda-Kimble MA, Young LY, Kradjan WA, Guglielmo BJ, Alldredge BK, Corelli RL. 2005, Baltimore, Maryland: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 37-13. 8
Google Scholar
Driscoll DF: Stability and compatibility assessment techniques for total parenteral nutrition admixtures: setting the bar according to pharmacopeial standards. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2005, 8: 297-10.1097/01.mco.0000165009.24202.64.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Thomson FC, Naysmith MR, Lindsay A: Managing drug therapy in patients receiving enteral and parenteral nutrition. Hosp Pharm. 2000, 7: 155-64.
Google Scholar
Trissel L: Handbook on injectable drugs. 1998, Maryland: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
Google Scholar
Wilson RF, Tyburski JG: Metabolic responses and nutritional therapy in patients with severe head injuries. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1998, 13: 11-10.1097/00001199-199802000-00005.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Taylor SJ, Fettes SB, Jewkes C, Nelson RJ: Prospective, randomized, controlled trial to determine the effect of early enhanced enteral nutrition on clinical outcome in mechanically ventilated patients suffering head injury. Crit Care Med. 1999, 27: 2525-10.1097/00003246-199911000-00033.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Twyman D: Nutritional management of the critically ill neurologic patient. Crit Care Clin. 1997, 13: 39-49. 10.1016/S0749-0704(05)70295-5.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Woodward S: Nutritional support for head-injured patients. Professional nurse (London, England). 1996, 11: 290-
CAS
Google Scholar
Nutritional support of brain-injured patients: Brain Trauma Foundation. J Neurotrauma. 1996, 13: 721-9. 10.1089/neu.1996.13.721.
Bullock R, Chesnut RM, Clifton G: Guidelines for the Management of Severe Head Injury. 1995, New York: Brain Trauma Fotmdation
Google Scholar
Chadwick D: Seizures and epilepsy after traumatic brain injury. Lancet. 2000, 355: 334-6. 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)00452-3.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jennett B: Epilepsy after non missile head injuries. 1975, London: Heinemann, 2
Google Scholar
Annegers JF, Hauser WA, Coan SP, Rocca WA: A population-based study of seizures after traumatic brain injuries. N Engl J Med. 1998, 338: 20-10.1056/NEJM199801013380104.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schierhout G, Roberts I: Prophylactic antiepileptic agents after head injury: a systematic review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998, 64: 108-10.1136/jnnp.64.1.108.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
The Brain Trauma Foundation. The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care: Role of antiseizure prophylaxis following head injury. J Neurotrauma. 2000, 17: 549-53. 10.1089/neu.2000.17.549.
Google Scholar
Peltz Gerson: Nutrition support in cancer patients: a brief review and suggestion for standard indications criteria. Nutr J. 2002, 30 (1): 1-10.1186/1475-2891-1-1.
Google Scholar
Klein S, Simes J, Blackburn GL: Total parenteral nutrition and cancer clinical trials. Cancer. 1986, 58: 1378-10.1002/1097-0142(19860915)58:6<1378::AID-CNCR2820580635>3.0.CO;2-S.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Read M: Parenteral nutrition in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. Ann Intern Med. 1989, 110: 734-
Google Scholar
Guidelines for the use of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult and pediatric patients. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1993, 17 (Suppl 4): 1SA-52SA.
Peltz G, Pinho NB, Najman HL, Aguiar MMM: Nutrition therapy and quality of life in cancer patients submitted to radiotherapy. Rev Bras Nutr Clin. 1997, 12: S127-
Google Scholar
Grewal J, Grewal HK, Forman AD: Seizures and epilepsy in cancer: Etiologies, evaluation, and management. Curr Oncol Rep. 2008, 10: 63-71. 10.1007/s11912-008-0010-2.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Oberndorfer S, Grisold W: Antiepileptic drugs in brain tumour patients. memo-Magazine of European Medical Oncology. 2008, 1: 28-30. 10.1007/s12254-008-0030-5.
Google Scholar
Prasad K, Al-Roomi K, Krishnan PR, Sequeira R: Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005, 4: CD003723-
PubMed
Google Scholar
Atmaca A, Al-Batran SE, Maurer A, Neumann A, Heinzel T, Hentsch B: Valproic acid (VPA) in patients with refractory advanced cancer: a dose escalating phase I clinical trial. Br J Cancer. 2007, 97: 177-10.1038/sj.bjc.6603851.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Greenblatt DY, Vaccaro AM, Jaskula-Sztul R, Ning L, Haymart M, Kunnimalaiyaan M: Valproic acid activates notch-1 signaling and regulates the neuroendocrine phenotype in carcinoid cancer cells. Oncologist. 2007, 12: 942-10.1634/theoncologist.12-8-942.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Soriano AO, Yang H, Faderl S, Estrov Z, Giles F, Ravandi F: Safety and clinical activity of the combination of 5-azacytidine, valproic acid, and all-trans retinoic acid in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood. 2007, 110: 2302-10.1182/blood-2007-03-078576.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gauthier I, Malone M: Drug-food interactions in hospitalised patients: methods of prevention. Drug Saf. 1998, 18: 383-93. 10.2165/00002018-199818060-00001.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Comprehensive Accreditation Manual for Hospitals. Chicago. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. 1997
Chan LN: Redefining drug-nutrient interactions. Nutr Clin Pract. 2000, 15: 249-10.1177/088453360001500508.
Google Scholar
Estoup M: Approaches and limitations of medication delivery in patients with enteral feeding tubes. Crit Care Nurse. 1994, 14: 68-72. 79
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bauer LA: Interference of oral phenytoin absorption by continuous nasogastric feedings. Neurol. 1982, 32: 570-2.
CAS
Google Scholar
Bailey DG, Malcolm J, Arnold O, Spence JD: Grapefruit juice-drug interactions. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1998, 46: 101-10. 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.00764.x.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chang T, Benet LZ, Hebert MF: The effect of water-soluble vitamin E on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1996, 59: 297-303. 10.1016/S0009-9236(96)80007-5.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sacks Gordon: Drug-nutrient considerations in patients receiving parenteral and enteral nutrition. Practical Gastroenterology. 2004, 39-
Google Scholar
Booth SL, Centurelli MA: Vitamin K: a practical guide to the dietary management of patients on warfarin. Nutr Rev. 1999, 57: 288-96. 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1999.tb01815.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
MacLaren R, Wachsman BA, Swift DK, Kuhl DA: Warfarin resistance associated with intravenous lipid administration: discussion of propofol and review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy. 1997, 17: 1331-7.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fagan TC, Walle T, Oexmann MJ, Walle UK, Bai SA, Gaffney TE: Increased clearance of propranolol and theophylline by high-protein compared with high-carbohydrate diet. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1987, 41: 402-6. 10.1038/clpt.1987.48.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zarowitz BJ, Pilla AM, Popovich JJR: Expanded gentamicin volume of distribution in patients with indicators of malnutrition. Clin Pharm. 1990, 9: 40-4.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lester LR, Crill CM, Hak EB: Should adding albumin to parenteral nutrient solutions be considered an unsafe practice?. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2006, 63: 1656-10.2146/ajhp050491.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zimmerman CL, Patel IH, Levy RH, Edwards D, Nelson SD, Hutchinson M: Protein binding of valproic acid in the presence of elevated free fatty acids in patient and normal human serum. Epilepsia. 1981, 22: 11-7. 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1981.tb04328.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Doucet J, Fresel J, Hue G, Moore N: Protein binding of digitoxin, valproate and phenytoin in sera from diabetics. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1993, 45: 577-9. 10.1007/BF00315318.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dutkiewicz G, Wojcicki J, Gawronska-Szklarz B: The influence of hyperlipidemia on pharmacokinetics of free phenytoin. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 1995, 29: 203-11.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dasgupta A, Crossey MJ: Elevated free fatty acid concentrations in lipemic sera reduce protein binding of valproic acid significantly more than phenytoin. Am J Med Sci. 1997, 313: 75-9. 10.1097/00000441-199702000-00001.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chen J, Ohnmacht C, Hage DS: Studies of phenytoin binding to human serum albumin by high-performance affinity chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2004, 809: 137-45. 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.06.012.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yamasaki K, Kuga N, Takamura N, Furuya Y, Hidaka M, Iwakiri T: Inhibitory effects of amino-acid fluids on drug binding to site II of human serum albumin in vitro. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005, 28: 549-52. 10.1248/bpb.28.549.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Messahel FM, Solis GL, Aguwa CN: Does total parenteral nutrition lower serum phenytoin levels?. Cur Ther Research. 1990, 47: 1017-20.
Google Scholar
Bailey DN, Briggs JR: The effect of parenteral nutrition fluids on the binding of therapeutic drugs to human serum in vitro. Ther Drug Monit. 2004, 26: 31-4. 10.1097/00007691-200402000-00007.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Levine M, Chang T: Therapeutic drug monitoring of phenytoin. Rationale and current status. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1990, 19: 341-58. 10.2165/00003088-199019050-00001.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fedler C, Stewart MJ: Plasma total phenytoin: a possibly misleading test in developing countries. Ther Drug Monit. 1999, 21: 155-10.1097/00007691-199904000-00003.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Peterson GM, Khoo BHC, von Witt RJ: Clinical response in epilepsy in relation to total and free serum levels of phenytoin. Ther Drug Monit. 1991, 13: 415-10.1097/00007691-199109000-00004.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kilpatrick CJ, Wanwimolruk S, Wing LM: Plasma concentrations of unbound phenytoin in the management of epilepsy. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1984, 17: 539-
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Burt M, Anderson DC, Kloss J, Apple FS: Evidence-based implementation of free phenytoin therapeutic drug monitoring. Clin Chem. 2000, 46: 1132-
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dasgupta A: Usefulness of monitoring free (unbound) concentrations of therapeutic drugs in patient management. Clin Chim Acta. 2007, 377: 1-13. 10.1016/j.cca.2006.08.026.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dasgupta A, Dennen DA, Dean R, McLawhon RW: Displacement of phenytoin from serum protein carriers by antibiotics: studies with ceftriaxone, nafcillin, and sulfamethoxazole. Clin Chem. 1991, 37: 98-
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bailey DN, Briggs JR: The binding of selected therapeutic drugs to human serum [alpha]-1 acid glycoprotein and to human serum albumin in vitro. Ther Drug Monit. 2004, 26: 40-10.1097/00007691-200402000-00009.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kwong TC: Free drug measurements: methodology and clinical significance. Clin Chim Acta. 1985, 151: 193-216. 10.1016/0009-8981(85)90082-8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bridges JW, Chasseaud LF, Gibson GG: Progress in Drug Metabolism. 1987, New York: Taylor and Francis
Google Scholar
DeGroot: Endocrinology. 1989, Philadelphia: Saunders
Google Scholar
Reidenberg MM, Erill S: Drug-Protein Binding. 1986, New York: Praeger Publishers
Google Scholar
Kragh-Hansen U: Relations between high-affinity binding sites of markers for binding regions on human serum albumin. Biochem J. 1985, 225: 629-
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sengupta A, Hage DS: Characterization of minor site probes for human serum albumin by high-performance affinity chromatography. Anal Chem. 1999, 71: 3821-7. 10.1021/ac9903499.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dasgupta A, Timmerman TG: In vitro displacement of phenytoin from protein binding by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs tolmetin, ibuprofen, and naproxen in normal and uremic sera. Ther Drug Monit. 1996, 18: 97-10.1097/00007691-199602000-00016.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kragh-Hansen U, Chuang VTG, Otagiri M: Practical aspects of the ligand-binding and enzymatic properties of human serum albumin. Biol Pharm Bull. 2002, 25: 695-704. 10.1248/bpb.25.695.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chan S, Gerson B: Free drug monitoring. Clin Lab Med. 1987, 7: 279-87.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maurer TS, DeBartolo DB, Tess DA, Scott DO: Relationship between exposure and nonspecific binding of thirty-three central nervous system drugs in mice. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005, 33: 175-10.1124/dmd.104.001222.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Urien S, Albengres E, Tillement JP: Serum protein binding of valproic acid in healthy subjects and in patients with liver disease. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1981, 19: 319-
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bowdle TA, Patel IH, Levy RH, Wilensky AJ: Valproic acid dosage and plasma protein binding and clearance. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1980, 28: 486-92. 10.1038/clpt.1980.192.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gugler R, Von Unruh GE: Clinical pharmacokinetics of valproic acid. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1980, 5: 67-10.2165/00003088-198005010-00002.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chadwick DW: Concentration-effect relationships of valproic acid. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1985, 10: 155-10.2165/00003088-198510020-00003.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lenn NJ, Robertson M: Clinical utility of unbound antiepileptic drug blood levels in the management of epilepsy. Neurology. 1992, 42: 988-
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Haroldson JA, Kramer LE, Wolff DL, Lake KD: Elevated free fractions of valproic acid in a heart transplant patient with hypoalbuminemia. Ann Pharmacother. 2000, 34: 183-10.1345/aph.19147.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gidal BE, Collins DM, Beinlich BR: Apparent valproic acid neurotoxicity in a hypoalbuminemic patient. Ann Pharmacother. 1993, 27: 32-
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ahmad AM, Douglas Boudinot F, Barr WH, Reed RC, Garnett WR: The use of Monte Carlo simulations to study the effect of poor compliance on the steady state concentrations of valproic acid following administration of enteric-coated and extended release divalproex sodium formulations. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2005, 26: 417-10.1002/bdd.473.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Winter ME: Basic Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 2004, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 4
Google Scholar
Nuwer MR, Browne TR, Dodson WE, Dreifuss FE, Engel J, Leppik IE: Generic substitutions for antiepileptic drugs. Neurology. 1990, 40: 1647-51.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lund M, Jorgensen RS, Kuhl V: Serum diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin) in ambulant patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1964, 5: 51-8. 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1964.tb04345.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kutt H, McDowell F: Management of epilepsy with diphenylhydantoin sodium: dosage regulation for problem patients. JAMA. 1968, 203: 969-10.1001/jama.203.11.969.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Soldin SJ: Free drug measurements. When and why? An overview. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1999, 123: 822-3.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Iwamoto T, Kagawa Y, Naito Y, Kuzuhara S, Okuda M: Clinical evaluation of plasma free phenytoin measurement and factors influencing its protein binding. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2006, 27: 77-10.1002/bdd.486.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Banh HL, Burton ME, Sperling MR: Interpatient and intrapatient variability in phenytoin protein binding. Ther Drug Monit. 2002, 24: 379-10.1097/00007691-200206000-00009.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
LaRoche SM, Helmers SL: The new antiepileptic drugs: Clinical applications. JAMA. 2004, 291: 615-620. 10.1001/jama.291.5.615.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Patsalos PN: New antiepileptic drugs. Ann Clin Biochem. 1999, 36: 10-19.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Johannessen Landmark C: Antiepileptic drugs in non-epilepsy disorders: Relations between mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy. CNS Drugs. 2008, 22: 27-47. 10.2165/00023210-200822010-00003.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krasowski MD: Therapeutic drug monitoring of the newer anti-Epilepsy medications. Pharmaceuticals. 2010, 3: 1909-1935. 10.3390/ph3061908.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Schapel G, Chadwick D: Tiagabine and non-convulsive status epilepticus. Seizure. 1996, 5: 153-156.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Balslev T, Uldall P, Buchholt J: Provocation of non-convulsive status epilepticus by tiagabine in three adolescent patients. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2000, 4: 169-170. 10.1053/ejpn.2000.0293.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kellinghaus C, Dziewas R, Ludemann P: Tiagabine-related non-convulsive status epilepticus in partial epilepsy: Three case reports and a review of the literature. Seizure. 2002, 11: 243-249. 10.1053/seiz.2001.0594.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Patsalos PN, Elyas AA, Ratnaraj N, Iley J: Concentration-dependent displacement of tiagabine by valproic acid. Epilepsia. 2002, 43: 143-10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.13001.x.
Google Scholar
Uthman BM, Rowan AJ, Ahmann PA, Leppik IE, Schachter SC, Sommerville KW, Shu V: Tiagabine for complex partial seizures: A randomized, add-on, dose-response trial. Arch Neurol. 1998, 55: 56-62. 10.1001/archneur.55.1.56.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wang X, Ratnaraj N, Patsalos PN: The pharmacokinetic inter-relationship of tiagabine in blood, cerebrospinal fluid and brain extracellular fluid (frontal cortex and hippocampus). Seizure. 2004, 13: 574-581. 10.1016/j.seizure.2004.01.007.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chollet DF, Castella E, Goumaz L, Anderegg G: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay method for the therapeutic drug monitoring of the antiepileptic drug tiagabine. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1999, 21: 641-646. 10.1016/S0731-7085(99)00167-3.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Williams J, Bialer M, Johannessen SI, Krämer G, Levy R, Mattson RH, Perucca E, Patsalos PN, Wilson JF: Interlaboratory variability in the quantification of new generation antiepileptic drugs based on external quality assessment data. Epilepsia. 2003, 44: 40-45. 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.26702.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Farwell JR, Anderson GD, Kerr BM, Tor JA, Levy RH: Stiripentol in atypical absence seizures in children: An open trial. Epilepsia. 1993, 34: 305-311. 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02416.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Luszczki JJ: Third-generation antiepileptic drugs: Mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and interactions. Pharmacol Rep. 2009, 61: 197-216.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Levy RH, Loiseau P, Guyot M, Blehaut HM, Tor J, Moreland TA: Stiripentol kinetics in epilepsy: Nonlinearity and interactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1984, 36: 661-669. 10.1038/clpt.1984.237.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tran A, Rey E, Pons G, Rousseau M, d'Athis P, Olive G, Mather GG, Bishop FE, Wurden CJ, Labroo R, Trager WF, Kunze KL, Thummel KE, Vincent JC, Gillardin JM, Lepage F, Levy RH: Influence of stiripentol on cytochrome P450-mediated metabolic pathways in humans: In vitro and in vivo comparison and calculation of in vivo inhibition constants. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1997, 62: 490-504. 10.1016/S0009-9236(97)90044-8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beck DE, Farringer JA, Ravis WR, Robinson CA: Accuracy of three methods for predicting concentrations of free phenytoin. Clin Pharm. 1987, 6: 888-
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wolf GK, McClain CD, Zurakowski D, Dodson B, McManus ML: Total phenytoin concentrations do not accurately predict free phenytoin concentrations in critically ill children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2006, 7: 434-9. 10.1097/01.PCC.0000235252.43921.DE.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kurz H, Trunk H, Weitz B: Evaluation of methods to determine protein-binding of drugs. Equilibrium dialysis, ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation, gel filtration. Arzneimittelforschung. 1977, 27: 1373-80.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rowland M: Plasma protein binding and therapeutic drug monitoring. Ther Drug Monit. 1980, 2: 29-10.1097/00007691-198001000-00005.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Behm HL, Wagner JG: Errors in interpretation of data from equilibrium dialysis protein binding experiments. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1979, 26: 145-60.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liu H, Montoya JL, Forman LJ, Eggers CM, Barham CF, Delgado M: Determination of free valproic acid: evaluation of the Centrifree system and comparison between high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme immunoassay. Ther Drug Monit. 1992, 14: 513-10.1097/00007691-199212000-00013.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McMillin GA, Juenke JE, Dasgupta A: Effect of ultrafiltrate volume on determination of free phenytoin concentration. Ther Drug Monit. 2005, 27: 630-10.1097/01.ftd.0000173373.12569.c7.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bardin S, Ottinger JC, Breau AP, O'Shea TJ: Determination of free levels of phenytoin in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2000, 23: 573-9. 10.1016/S0731-7085(00)00338-1.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cook DJ, Guyatt GH, Laupacis A, Sackett DL: Rules of evidence and clinical recommendations on the use of antithrombotic agents. Chest. 1992, 102: 305-308.
Google Scholar
Browman GP: Essence of evidence-based medicine: a case report. J Clin Oncol. 1999, 17: 1969-1973.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Field MJ, Lohr KM: Guidelines for medical practice: from development to use. 1992, Washington, DC, National Academic Press
Google Scholar
Enkin M, Jadad AR: Using anecdotal information in evidence based health care: Heresy or necessity?. Ann Oncol. 1998, 9: 963-966. 10.1023/A:1008495101125.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jadad AR: Are you playing evidence-based games with our daughter?. Lancet. 1996, 347: 274-10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90456-0.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
De Vries RG: 'Humanizing' childbirth: The discovery and implementation of bonding theory. Int J Health Serv. 1984, 14: 89-104. 10.2190/BYY3-XA7E-B380-Y7K3.
CAS
Google Scholar
Burgess P, Hall RI, Bateman DN, Johnston ID: The effect of total parenteral nutrition on hepatic drug oxidation. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1987, 11: 540-10.1177/0148607187011006540.
CAS
Google Scholar
Pantuck EJ, Weissman C, Pantuck CB, Lee YT: Effects of parenteral amino acid nutritional regimens on oxidative and conjugative drug metabolism. Anesth Analg. 1989, 69: 727-10.1213/00000539-198912000-00006.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sangrador G, Sanchez-Alcaraz A, Ubeda R, Ibañez P: Theophylline plasma clearance in critically ill geriatric patients receiving total parenteral nutrition and in control patients. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1990, 15: 273-8. 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1990.tb00385.x.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Walter-Sack I, Vries JX, Rudi J, Conradi R, Kohlmeier M, Kohl B: Lack of accumulation of midazolam in plasma and lipoprotein fractions during intravenous lipid infusions in patients on artificial respiration. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1992, 42: 71-5. 10.1007/BF00314923.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar