Parikh P, McDaniel MC, Ashen MD, Miller JI, Sorrentino M, Chan V, Blumenthal RS, Sperling LS: Diets and Cardiovascular Disease: An Evidence-Based Assessment. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005, 45: 1379-1387. 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.11.068.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nield L, Summerbell CD, Hooper L, Whittaker V, Moore H: Dietary advice for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008, CD005102-
Google Scholar
Serra-Majem L, Roman B, Estruch R: Scientific Evidence of Interventions Using the Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review. Nutrition Reviews. 2006, 64: S27-S47.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yancy WS, Olsen MK, Guyton JR, Bakst RP, Westman EC: A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004, 140: 769-777.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Samaha FF, Iqbal N, Seshadri P, Chicano KL, Daily DA, McGrory J, Williams T, Williams M, Gracely EJ, Stern L: A low-carbohydrate as compared with a low-fat diet in severe obesity. N Engl J Med. 2003, 348: 2074-2081. 10.1056/NEJMoa022637.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Atkins RC: Atkins' new diet revolution. 2002, New York, NY 10017: M. Evans & Co, Revised
Google Scholar
Sears B, Lawren B: The Zone: A Dietary Road Map to Lose Weight Permanently: Reset Your Genetic Code: Prevent Disease: Achieve Maximum Physical Performance. 1995, New York, NY 10022: HarperCollins, 1
Google Scholar
Noakes M, Clifton PM, CSIRO: The CSIRO total wellbeing diet. 2005, Camberwell, Vic.: Penguin
Google Scholar
Westman EC, Feinman RD, Mavropoulos JC, Vernon MC, Volek JS, Wortman JA, Yancy WS, Phinney SD: Low-carbohydrate nutrition and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007, 86: 276-284.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hu FB: Protein, body weight, and cardiovascular health. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005, 82: 242S-247S.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Layman DK, Boileau RA, Erickson DJ, Painter JE, Shiue H, Sather C, Christou DD: A Reduced Ratio of Dietary Carbohydrate to Protein Improves Body Composition and Blood Lipid Profiles during Weight Loss in Adult Women. J Nutr. 2003, 133: 411-417.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Skov AR, Toubro S, Ronn B, Holm L, Astrup A: Randomized trial on protein vs carbohydrate in ad libitum fat reduced diet for the treatment of obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999, 23: 528-536. 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800867.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Johnston CS, Tjonn SL, Swan PD: High-Protein, Low-Fat Diets Are Effective for Weight Loss and Favorably Alter Biomarkers in Healthy Adults. J Nutr. 2004, 134: 586-591.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lasker DA, Evans EM, Layman DK: Moderate carbohydrate, moderate protein weight loss diet reduces cardiovascular disease risk compared to high carbohydrate, low protein diet in obese adults: A randomized clinical trial. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2008, 5: 30-10.1186/1743-7075-5-30.
Article
Google Scholar
Mann J: Dietary carbohydrate: relationship to cardiovascular disease and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007, 61 (Suppl 1): S100-111.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Piatti PM, Monti F, Fermo I, Baruffaldi L, Nasser R, Santambrogio G, Librenti MC, Galli-Kienle M, Pontiroli AE, Pozza G: Hypocaloric high-protein diet improves glucose oxidation and spares lean body mass: comparison to hypocaloric high-carbohydrate diet. Metabolism. 1994, 43: 1481-1487. 10.1016/0026-0495(94)90005-1.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baba NH, Sawaya S, Torbay N, Habbal Z, Azar S, Hashim SA: High protein vs high carbohydrate hypoenergetic diet for the treatment of obese hyperinsulinemic subjects. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999, 23: 1202-1206. 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801064.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Noakes M, Keogh JB, Foster PR, Clifton PM: Effect of an energy-restricted, high-protein, low-fat diet relative to a conventional high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet on weight loss, body composition, nutritional status, and markers of cardiovascular health in obese women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005, 81: 1298-1306.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Farnsworth E, Luscombe ND, Noakes M, Wittert G, Argyiou E, Clifton PM: Effect of a high-protein, energy-restricted diet on body composition, glycemic control, and lipid concentrations in overweight and obese hyperinsulinemic men and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003, 78: 31-39.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gibson RS: Principles of Nutrtional Assessment. 2005, New York: Oxford Univeristy Press, 2
Google Scholar
Stubbs RJ, Hughes DA, Johnstone AM, Rowley E, Reid C, Elia M, Stratton R, Delargy H, King N, Blundell JE: The use of visual analogue scales to assess motivation to eat in human subjects: a review of their reliability and validity with an evaluation of new hand-held computerized systems for temporal tracking of appetite ratings. Br J Nutr. 2000, 84: 405-415. 10.1017/S0007114500001719.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Assmann G, Schriewer H, Schmitz G, Hagele EO: Quantification of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol by precipitation with phosphotungstic acid/MgCl2. Clin Chem. 1983, 29: 2026-2030.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS: Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972, 18: 499-502.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Harris JA, Benedict FG: A Biometric Study of Human Basal Metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1918, 4: 370-373. 10.1073/pnas.4.12.370.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Levy JC, Matthews DR, Hermans MP: Correct homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) evaluation uses the computer program. Diabetes Care. 1998, 21: 2191-2192. 10.2337/diacare.21.12.2191.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McAuley KA, Williams SM, Mann JI, Walker RJ, Lewis-Barned NJ, Temple LA, Duncan AW: Diagnosing insulin resistance in the general population. Diabetes Care. 2001, 24: 460-464. 10.2337/diacare.24.3.460.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J: The metabolic syndrome--a new worldwide definition. Lancet. 2005, 366: 1059-1062. 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67402-8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Layman DK, Evans EM, Erickson D, Seyler J, Weber J, Bagshaw D, Griel A, Psota T, Kris-Etherton P: A moderate-protein diet produces sustained weight loss and long-term changes in body composition and blood lipids in obese adults. J Nutr. 2009, 139: 514-521. 10.3945/jn.108.099440.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aude YW, Agatston AS, Lopez-Jimenez F, Lieberman EH, Marie A, Hansen M, Rojas G, Lamas GA, Hennekens CH: The national cholesterol education program diet vs a diet lower in carbohydrates and higher in protein and monounsaturated fat: a randomized trial. Arch Intern Med. 2004, 164: 2141-2146. 10.1001/archinte.164.19.2141.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hession M, Rolland C, Kulkarni U, Wise A, Broom J: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of low-carbohydrate vs. low-fat/low-calorie diets in the management of obesity and its comorbidities. Obesity Reviews. 2009, 10: 36-50. 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00518.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gardner CD, Kiazand A, Alhassan S, Kim S, Stafford RS, Balise RR, Kraemer HC, King AC: Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN diets for change in weight and related risk factors among overweight premenopausal women: the A TO Z Weight Loss Study: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2007, 297: 969-977. 10.1001/jama.297.9.969.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sacks FM, Bray GA, Carey VJ, Smith SR, Ryan DH, Anton SD, McManus K, Champagne CM, Bishop LM, Laranjo N, Leboff MS, Rood JC, de Jonge L, Greenway FL, Loria CM, Obarzanek E, Williamson DA: Comparison of weight-loss diets with different compositions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. N Engl J Med. 2009, 360: 859-873. 10.1056/NEJMoa0804748.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Leidy HJ, Carnell NS, Mattes RD, Campbell WW: Higher Protein Intake Preserves Lean Mass and Satiety with Weight Loss in Pre-obese and Obese Women. Obesity. 2007, 15: 421-429. 10.1038/oby.2007.531.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krauss RM, Blanche PJ, Rawlings RS, Fernstrom HS, Williams PT: Separate effects of reduced carbohydrate intake and weight loss on atherogenic dyslipidemia. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006, 83: 1025-1031.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jenkins DJ, Wong JM, Kendall CW, Esfahani A, Ng VW, Leong TC, Faulkner DA, Vidgen E, Greaves KA, Paul G, Singer W: The effect of a plant-based low-carbohydrate ("Eco-Atkins") diet on body weight and blood lipid concentrations in hyperlipidemic subjects. Arch Intern Med. 2009, 169: 1046-1054. 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.115.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Parker B, Noakes M, Luscombe N, Clifton P: Effect of a high-protein, high-monounsaturated fat weight loss diet on glycemic control and lipid levels in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002, 25: 425-430. 10.2337/diacare.25.3.425.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
McAuley KA, Hopkins CM, Smith KJ, McLay RT, Williams SM, Taylor RW, Mann JI: Comparison of high-fat and high-protein diets with a high-carbohydrate diet in insulin-resistant obese women. Diabetologia. 2005, 48: 8-16. 10.1007/s00125-004-1603-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Weigle DS, Breen PA, Matthys CC, Callahan HS, Meeuws KE, Burden VR, Purnell JQ: A high-protein diet induces sustained reductions in appetite, ad libitum caloric intake, and body weight despite compensatory changes in diurnal plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005, 82: 41-48.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Luscombe-Marsh ND, Noakes M, Wittert GA, Keogh JB, Foster P, Clifton PM: Carbohydrate-restricted diets high in either monounsaturated fat or protein are equally effective at promoting fat loss and improving blood lipids. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005, 81: 762-772.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pereira MA, Ludwig DS: Dietary fiber and body-weight regulation. Observations and mechanisms. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2001, 48: 969-980. 10.1016/S0031-3955(05)70351-5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krieger JW, Sitren HS, Daniels MJ, Langkamp-Henken B: Effects of variation in protein and carbohydrate intake on body mass and composition during energy restriction: a meta-regression 1. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006, 83: 260-274.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Neter JE, Stam BE, Kok FJ, Grobbee DE, Geleijnse JM: Influence of weight reduction on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hypertension. 2003, 42: 878-884. 10.1161/01.HYP.0000094221.86888.AE.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Appel LJ, Sacks FM, Carey VJ, Obarzanek E, Swain JF, Miller ER, Conlin PR, Erlinger TP, Rosner BA, Laranjo NM, Charleston J, McCarron P, Bishop LM: Effects of protein, monounsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intake on blood pressure and serum lipids: results of the OmniHeart randomized trial. JAMA. 2005, 294: 2455-2464. 10.1001/jama.294.19.2455.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hodgson JM, Burke V, Beilin LJ, Puddey IB: Partial substitution of carbohydrate intake with protein intake from lean red meat lowers blood pressure in hypertensive persons. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006, 83: 780-787.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
He J, Gu D, Wu X, Chen J, Duan X, Whelton PK: Effect of soybean protein on blood pressure: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2005, 143: 1-9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Layman DK, Clifton P, Gannon MC, Krauss RM, Nuttall FQ: Protein in optimal health: heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008, 87: 1571S-1575.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pereira MA, Jacobs DR, Van Horn L, Slattery ML, Kartashov AI, Ludwig DS: Dairy consumption, obesity, and the insulin resistance syndrome in young adults: the CARDIA Study. JAMA. 2002, 287: 2081-2089. 10.1001/jama.287.16.2081.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sluijs I, Beulens JW, van der AD, Spijkerman AM, Grobbee DE, van der Schouw YT: Dietary intake of total, animal, and vegetable protein and risk of type 2 diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-NL study. Diabetes Care. 2010, 33: 43-48. 10.2337/dc09-1321.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Song Y, Manson JE, Buring JE, Liu S: A prospective study of red meat consumption and type 2 diabetes in middle-aged and elderly women: the women's health study. Diabetes Care. 2004, 27: 2108-2115. 10.2337/diacare.27.9.2108.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shai I, Schwarzfuchs D, Henkin Y, Shahar DR, Witkow S, Greenberg I, Golan R, Fraser D, Bolotin A, Vardi H, Tangi-Rozental O, Zuk-Ramot R, Sarusi B, Brickner D, Schwartz Z, Sheiner E, Marko R, Katorza E, Thiery J, Fiedler GM, Bluher M, Stumvoll M, Stampfer MJ: Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or low-fat diet. N Engl J Med. 2008, 359: 229-241. 10.1056/NEJMoa0708681.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cornier M-A, Donahoo WT, Pereira R, Gurevich I, Westergren R, Enerback S, Eckel PJ, Goalstone ML, Hill JO, Eckel RH, Draznin B: Insulin Sensitivity Determines the Effectiveness of Dietary Macronutrient Composition on Weight Loss in Obese Women. Obesity. 2005, 13: 703-709. 10.1038/oby.2005.79.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Pereira MA, Jacobs DR, Pins JJ, Raatz SK, Gross MD, Slavin JL, Seaquist ER: Effect of whole grains on insulin sensitivity in overweight hyperinsulinemic adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002, 75: 848-855.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Katcher HI, Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Gillies PJ, Demers LM, Bagshaw DM, Kris-Etherton PM: The effects of a whole grain-enriched hypocaloric diet on cardiovascular disease risk factors in men and women with metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008, 87: 79-90.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McAuley KA, Smith KJ, Taylor RW, McLay RT, Williams SM, Mann JI: Long-term effects of popular dietary approaches on weight loss and features of insulin resistance. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006, 30: 342-349. 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803075.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar