Table 3 The subgroup analyses of studies concerning the association between maternal FA supplementation and the risk of CHD in offspring
Subgroup | No. of studies | OR (95% CI) | P-value | I2(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Summary pooled estimate | 18 | 0.821 (0.720, 0.936) |  < 0.001 | 92.7 |
Design | ||||
 Case–control | 12 | 0.801 (0.648, 0.991) |  < 0.001 | 94.7 |
 Cohort or RCT | 6 | 0.936 (0.837, 1.047) | 0.003 | 72.2 |
Geographic region | ||||
 Europe or Australia | 7 | 0.955 (0.840, 1.086) | 0.001 | 72.1 |
 China | 4 | 0.580 (0.433, 0.776) |  < 0.001 | 89.6 |
 America | 7 | 0.921 (0.874, 0.971) | 0.358 | 9.3 |
Publication period | ||||
 Before 2010 | 5 | 0.927 (0.737, 0.936) | 0.253 | 25.2 |
 2010 or after | 13 | 0.800 (0.690, 0.928) |  < 0.001 | 94.7 |
Quality assessment | ||||
 High quality studies (scores ≥ 7) | 11 | 0.803 (0.641, 1.007) |  < 0.001 | 95.5 |
 Low quality studies (scores < 7) | 7 | 0.898 (0.832, 0.969) | 0.120 | 40.6 |
Confounding Factors | ||||
 Age | 14 | 0.821 (0.720, 0.936) |  < 0.001 | 94.2 |
 Maternal smoking | 5 | 0.751 (0.562, 1.005) |  < 0.001 | 94.9 |
 Maternal alcohol | 2 | 0.801 (0.677, 0.948) | 0.512 | 0 |
 Maternal BMI | 5 | 0.829 (0.676, 1.016) |  < 0.001 | 83 |
 Fetal sex | 2 | 0.806 (0.654, 0.992) | 0.471 | 0 |
 Family history | 2 | 0.726 (0.324, 1.623) |  < 0.001 | 93.8 |