Beverage consumption and energy intake among Canadians: analyses of 2004 and 2015 national dietary intake data

Nutrition Journal

Table 5 Change between 2004 (N = 34,463) and 2015 (N = 20,176) average per capita daily beverage consumption (N = 54,579)

	Change between 2004 and 2015		Adjusted p-value
	Relative change (% difference)	Absolute change ml kcal	Adjusted p-value
Plain water
Volume	+ 10%	77.5	p < 0.0001
Other unsweetened beverages
Volume	−11%	−45.6	p < 0.0001
Energy	−42%	−4.1	p < 0.0001
SSBs
Volume	−26%	−70.2	p < 0.0001
Energy	−20%	−24.7	p < 0.0001
Plain milk
Volume	−37%	−76.0	p < 0.0001
Energy	−35%	− 35.3	p < 0.0001
Alcoholic beverages
Volume	−13%	−18.1	p = 0.1928
Energy	−3%	−1.8	p = 0.7314
100% juice
Volume	−40%	−50.6	p < 0.0001
Energy	−38%	−20.5	p < 0.0001
Diet or light beverages
Volume	−15%	−8.0	p = 0.0557
Energy	−46%	−1.3	p < 0.001

Model statistics are for separate linear models using generalized least squares regression for each beverage category, with survey year as the independent variable and the covariates sex, age, ethnicity, income, province, and BMI category; α = 0.05. No model was constructed for plain water as this beverage category contained no energy. Abbreviations: kcal kilocalorie, ml millilitre, Non. sig. statistically non-significant, SSBs Sugar-sweetened beverages

ISSN: 1475-2891