Effects of indigestible carbohydrates in barley on glucose metabolism, appetite and voluntary food intake over 16 h in healthy adults

Table 6 Plasma GLP-1, GIP and ghrelin response after breakfast and lunch, following evening test- or reference meal ¹

Test variables	WWB	BK	%²
Breakfast (0-120 min)
GLP-1, AUC (pg·min/ml)	7 684 ± 886	11 010 ± 1 671**	43
GIP, AUC (pg·min/ml)	18 200 ± 1 466	21 160 ± 1 524	16
Ghrelin, AUC (pg·min/ml)	8 393 ± 1 077	7 351 ± 901	-12
Lunch (210-330 min)
GLP-1, AUC (pg·min/ml)	10 040 ± 1 171	12 500 ± 1 757*	25
GIP, AUC (pg·min/ml)	33 300 ± 3 451	29 140 ± 2 164	-12
Ghrelin, AUC (pg·min/ml)	10 370 ± 1 536	9 999 ± 1 143	-4
Breakfast + Lunch (0-330 min)
GLP-1, AUC (pg·min/ml)	22 960 ± 2 636	30 670 ± 4 310**	34
GIP, AUC (pg·min/ml)	62 910 ± 5 354	62 590 ± 4 646	-0.5
Ghrelin, AUC (pg·min/ml)	28 080 ± 3 672	25 850 ± 3 016	-8

¹ Values are means ± SEM. *Different from WWB P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. AUC, area under curve; BK, barley kernel; GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; WWB, white wheat bread.
² The percentage change is calculated as the difference from the WWB to the BK.

ISSN: 1475-2891