Table 1 Health-related and socioeconomic characteristics of study participants according to the body mass index status
Variables | Boys (N = 25,749) | Girls (N = 24,704) | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Underweight | Normal | Overweight | Obese | p-value | Underweight | Normal | Overweight | Obese | p-value | ||||||||||
N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | ||||
Mukbang and Cookbang | < 0.001 | 0.007 | |||||||||||||||||
Never | 789 | (8.5) | 6219 | (67.0) | 933 | (10.0) | 1347 | (14.5) | 565 | (11.0) | 3745 | (72.9) | 396 | (7.7) | 434 | (8.4) | |||
Ever | 1139 | (6.9) | 10,727 | (65.2) | 1846 | (11.2) | 2749 | (16.7) | 1863 | (9.5) | 14,329 | (73.2) | 1570 | (8.0) | 1802 | (9.2) | |||
Age | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||||||||||||||
12–15 | 1076 | (7.2) | 10,061 | (67.3) | 1628 | (10.9) | 2191 | (14.6) | 1419 | (9.8) | 10,846 | (74.7) | 1134 | (7.8) | 1123 | (7.7) | |||
16–18 | 852 | (7.9) | 6885 | (63.8) | 1151 | (10.7) | 1905 | (17.7) | 1009 | (9.9) | 7228 | (71.0) | 832 | (8.2) | 1113 | (10.9) | |||
Family structure | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||||||||||||||
Both parents | 1337 | (7.4) | 11,799 | (65.4) | 1989 | (11.0) | 2909 | (16.1) | 1931 | (9.7) | 14,529 | (73.3) | 1583 | (8.0) | 1779 | (9.0) | |||
Single parent | 76 | (7.3) | 637 | (61.0) | 115 | (11.0) | 217 | (20.8) | 82 | (7.8) | 721 | (68.5) | 113 | (10.7) | 136 | (12.9) | |||
No parent | 515 | (7.7) | 4510 | (67.6) | 675 | (10.1) | 970 | (14.5) | 415 | (10.8) | 2824 | (73.7) | 270 | (7.0) | 321 | (8.4) | |||
Sweetened beverages | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||||||||||||||
Non-drinker | 120 | (7.8) | 956 | (61.9) | 188 | (12.2) | 281 | (18.2) | 170 | (9.7) | 1282 | (72.9) | 144 | (8.2) | 163 | (9.3) | |||
Low | 487 | (7.0) | 4442 | (64.3) | 787 | (11.4) | 1193 | (17.3) | 741 | (8.9) | 6083 | (73.3) | 696 | (8.4) | 777 | (9.4) | |||
Middle | 627 | (7.0) | 5835 | (65.3) | 1036 | (11.6) | 1434 | (16.1) | 764 | (9.2) | 6067 | (73.1) | 696 | (8.4) | 769 | (9.3) | |||
High | 694 | (8.3) | 5713 | (68.3) | 768 | (9.2) | 1188 | (14.2) | 753 | (11.9) | 4642 | (73.1) | 430 | (6.8) | 527 | (8.3) | |||
Fast-food | < 0.001 | 0.001 | |||||||||||||||||
Low | 1334 | (7.2) | 11,971 | (64.9) | 2076 | (11.3) | 3067 | (16.6) | 1779 | (9.6) | 13,516 | (72.9) | 1525 | (8.2) | 1724 | (9.3) | |||
High | 594 | (8.1) | 4975 | (68.1) | 703 | (9.6) | 1029 | (14.1) | 649 | (10.5) | 4558 | (74.0) | 441 | (7.2) | 512 | (8.3) | |||
Alcohol status | 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||||||||||||||
Non-drinker | 1262 | (8.0) | 10,414 | (65.9) | 1670 | (10.6) | 2450 | (15.5) | 1791 | (10.2) | 13,029 | (74.1) | 1324 | (7.5) | 1440 | (8.2) | |||
Past drinker | 633 | (6.6) | 6270 | (65.7) | 1069 | (11.2) | 1569 | (16.4) | 610 | (8.8) | 4918 | (71.1) | 614 | (8.9) | 774 | (11.2) | |||
Current drinker | 33 | (8.0) | 262 | (63.6) | 40 | (9.7) | 77 | (18.7) | 27 | (13.2) | 127 | (62.3) | 28 | (13.7) | 22 | (10.8) | |||
Smoking status | 0.001 | 0.000 | |||||||||||||||||
Non-smoker | 1753 | (7.7) | 14,946 | (65.6) | 2478 | (10.9) | 3593 | (15.8) | 2274 | (9.7) | 17,130 | (73.4) | 1846 | (7.9) | 2075 | (8.9) | |||
Current smoker | 175 | (5.9) | 2000 | (67.1) | 301 | (10.1) | 503 | (16.9) | 154 | (11.2) | 944 | (68.5) | 120 | (8.7) | 161 | (11.7) | |||
Academic achievement | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||||||||||||||
High | 789 | (7.7) | 6975 | (68.2) | 1116 | (10.9) | 1345 | (13.2) | 971 | (10.3) | 7137 | (75.9) | 656 | (7.0) | 637 | (6.8) | |||
Middle | 541 | (7.3) | 4895 | (65.6) | 798 | (10.7) | 1227 | (16.4) | 699 | (9.1) | 5735 | (74.5) | 613 | (8.0) | 652 | (8.5) | |||
Low | 598 | (7.4) | 5076 | (63.0) | 865 | (10.7) | 1524 | (18.9) | 758 | (10.0) | 5202 | (68.4) | 697 | (9.2) | 947 | (12.5) | |||
Sleep duration | 0.015 | 0.179 | |||||||||||||||||
More than 8 h | 234 | (8.0) | 1968 | (67.4) | 290 | (9.9) | 429 | (14.7) | 155 | (10.2) | 1100 | (72.3) | 126 | (8.3) | 140 | (9.2) | |||
6–8 h | 750 | (7.4) | 6694 | (66.2) | 1119 | (11.1) | 1547 | (15.3) | 770 | (9.6) | 5866 | (73.3) | 681 | (8.5) | 687 | (8.6) | |||
Less than 6 h | 944 | (7.4) | 8284 | (65.1) | 1370 | (10.8) | 2120 | (16.7) | 1503 | (9.9) | 11,108 | (73.2) | 1159 | (7.6) | 1409 | (9.3) | |||
Perceived stress level | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||||||||||||||
Low | 402 | (7.5) | 3673 | (68.6) | 534 | (10.0) | 742 | (13.9) | 315 | (9.8) | 2384 | (74.2) | 230 | (7.2) | 286 | (8.9) | |||
Middle | 818 | (7.3) | 7510 | (66.6) | 1208 | (10.7) | 1734 | (15.4) | 967 | (9.7) | 7406 | (74.6) | 759 | (7.7) | 789 | (8.0) | |||
High | 708 | (7.8) | 5763 | (63.1) | 1037 | (11.4) | 1620 | (17.7) | 1146 | (9.9) | 8284 | (71.6) | 977 | (8.4) | 1161 | (10.0) | |||
Physical activity | < 0.001 | 0.025 | |||||||||||||||||
Insufficient | 1624 | (8.3) | 12,581 | (64.5) | 2122 | (10.9) | 3189 | (16.3) | 2246 | (10.0) | 16,406 | (73.1) | 1772 | (7.9) | 2032 | (9.0) | |||
Sufficient | 304 | (4.9) | 4365 | (70.0) | 657 | (10.5) | 907 | (14.6) | 182 | (8.1) | 1668 | (74.2) | 194 | (8.6) | 204 | (9.1) | |||
Muscle strengthening exercises | < 0.001 | 0.003 | |||||||||||||||||
Insufficient | 1381 | (8.7) | 9912 | (62.3) | 1770 | (11.1) | 2848 | (17.9) | 2221 | (10.0) | 16,174 | (72.8) | 1794 | (8.1) | 2016 | (9.1) | |||
Sufficient | 547 | (5.6) | 7034 | (71.5) | 1009 | (10.3) | 1248 | (12.7) | 207 | (8.3) | 1900 | (76.0) | 172 | (6.9) | 220 | (8.8) | |||
Total | 1928 | (7.5) | 16,946 | (65.8) | 2779 | (10.8) | 4096 | (15.9) | 2428 | (9.8) | 18,074 | (73.2) | 1966 | (8.0) | 2236 | (9.1) | |||