Table 1 Characteristics of participants stratified by gender specific tertiles of ASMIa,b
| Â | ASMI (kg/m2) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All: 8.1 ± 1.7 (n = 10,279) | Tertile 1: 6.5 ± 1.0 (n = 3427) | Tertile 2: 8.0 ± 0.9 (n = 3427) | Tertile 3: 9.8 ± 1.3 (n = 3425) | P value | |
Age (years), n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
< 45 | 3469 (37.3) | 747 (26.3) | 1113 (36.8) | 1609 (49.0) |  |
45–65 | 4547 (48.4) | 1372 (48.7) | 1642 (50.5) | 1533 (45.8) |  |
≥ 65 | 2263 (14.3) | 1308 (25.1) | 672 (12.7) | 283 (5.2) |  |
Male, n(%) | 5627 (55.4) | 1876(51.6) | 1876 (56.9) | 1875 (57.5) | 0.002 |
Race, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Mexican American | 1775 (6.7) | 635 (5.2) | 657 (7.0) | 483 (7.9) | Â |
Non-Hispanic White | 4830 (70.2) | 1966 (77.4) | 1630 (72.9) | 1234 (60.3) | Â |
Other Hispanic | 524 (4.5) | 143 (3.8) | 198 (5.0) | 183 (4.6) | Â |
Non-Hispanic Black | 2368 (12.2) | 359 (5.2) | 684 (9.9) | 1325 (21.5) | Â |
Other race | 782 (6.5) | 324 (8.4) | 258 (5.2) | 200 (5.8) | Â |
PIR, n (%) | 0.08 | ||||
< 1 | 1744 (12.2) | 570 (12.4) | 573 (11.4) | 601 (13.0) |  |
1–3 | 4397 (36.5) | 1525 (37.7) | 1406 (34.5) | 1466 (37.5) |  |
≥ 3 | 4138 (51.2) | 1332 (49.9) | 1448 (54.1) | 1358 (49.5) |  |
BMI (kg/m2), n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
< 30 | 5754 (56.2) | 3243 (94.9) | 2082 (60.9) | 429 (12.2) |  |
≥ 30 | 4525 (43.8) | 184 (5.1) | 1345 (39.1) | 2996 (87.8) |  |
Physical activity, n (%) | 0.30 | ||||
Less than moderate | 4611 (40.3) | 1554 (41.3) | 1490 (38.2) | 1567 (41.4) | Â |
Moderate | 3241 (35.3) | 1077 (35.2) | 1104 (36.2) | 1060 (34.4) | Â |
Vigorous | 2427 (24.4) | 796 (23.5) | 833 (25.6) | 798 (24.1) | Â |
Smoking, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Never | 5209 (49.7) | 1548 (43.6) | 1749 (50.0) | 1912 (55.5) | Â |
Former | 2809 (27.5) | 1037 (28.5) | 932 (27.1) | 840 (26.8) | Â |
Current | 2261 (22.8) | 842 (27.8) | 746 (22.9) | 673 (17.7) | Â |
Drinking, n (%) | 0.002 | ||||
Never | 1288 (10.2) | 476 (11.5) | 402 (9.3) | 410 (9.9) | Â |
Former | 1876 (15.9) | 599 (14.8) | 602 (14.7) | 675 (18.3) | Â |
Current | 7115 (73.9) | 2352 (73.7) | 2423 (76.0) | 2340 (71.8) | Â |
Diabetes, n (%) | 1890 (14.1) | 499 (9.7) | 571 (12.3) | 820 (20.3) | < 0.001 |
Heart disease, n (%) | 1015 (8.0) | 436 (10.1) | 320 (8.0) | 259 (5.9) | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 2014 (14.6) | 768 (16.0) | 585 (12.6) | 661 (15.2) | 0.005 |
CRP (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 0.3 (0.1, 1.0) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.6) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.9) | 0.6 (0.2, 1.8) | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 205.1 ± 43.0 | 207.7 ± 41.8 | 207.3 ± 43.7 | 200.3 ± 42.9 | < 0.001 |
Serum albumin (g/L) | 43.2 ± 3.4 | 43.6 ± 3.4 | 43.5 ± 3.2 | 42.5 ± 3.4 | < 0.001 |
Energy intake (kcal/day) | 2180.7 ± 943.1 | 2047.1 ± 903.2 | 2214.7 ± 951.8 | 2279.9 ± 958.2 | < 0.001 |
Protein intake (g/day) | 84.1 ± 39.3 | 76.5 ± 35.4 | 85.5 ± 39.9 | 90.2 ± 41.1 | < 0.001 |
Total Mg intake (mg/day) | 331.7 ± 184.7 | 328.5 ± 188.1 | 335.7 ± 186.8 | 330.9 ± 178.8 | 0.14 |
Total Mg intake according to U.S. dietary guideline, n(%) | 0.30 | ||||
<EAR | 5874 (52.0) | 1969 (52.4) | 1914 (50.2) | 1991 (53.5) | Â |
EAR-<RDA | 1675 (17.6) | 540 (17.5) | 584 (18.7) | 551 (16.4) | Â |
≥ RDA | 2730 (30.5) | 918 (30.1) | 929 (31.1) | 883 (30.1) |  |
Dietary Mg intake (mg/day) | 295.8 (139.0) | 284.0 (130.2) | 302.3 (141.8) | 300.9 (143.9) | < 0.001 |
Dietary Mg intake according to U.S. dietary guideline, n(%) | 0.009 | ||||
<EAR | 6736 (61.0) | 2355 (64.6) | 2178 (58.6) | 2203 (59.8) | Â |
EAR-<RDA | 1552 (16.5) | 466 (14.9) | 555 (17.8) | 531 (16.7) | Â |
≥ RDA | 1991 (22.6) | 606 (20.5) | 694 (23.7) | 691 (23.5) |  |
Mg supplements users, n(%) | 2890 (31.2) | 1155 (36.1) | 967 (31.3) | 768 (26.1) | < 0.001 |
Muscle-related medications, n (%) | 1813 (16.4) | 676 (17.9) | 601 (15.8) | 536 (15.5) | 0.14 |