Associations of dietary patterns and longitudinal brain-volume change in Japanese community-dwelling adults: results from the national institute for longevity sciences-longitudinal study of aging

Zhang, Shu; Sala, Giovanni; Nakamura, Akinori; Kato, Takashi; Furuya, Kanae; Shimokata, Hiroshi; Gao, Xiang; Nishita, Yukiko; Otsuka, Rei

doi:10.1186/s12937-024-00935-3

Table 2 Relative volumes of total gray matter, total white matter, and other brain lobes at baseline and annual changes in these relative volumes (%) by dietary patterns in both men and women (n = 1636) ^{a, b}

From: Associations of dietary patterns and longitudinal brain-volume change in Japanese community-dwelling adults: results from the national institute for longevity sciences-longitudinal study of aging

Relative volume of ROI; mean (SD)	Baseline	Annual changes (%)	Baseline	Annual changes (%)	Baseline	Annual changes (%)	Baseline	Annual changes (%)
Men			Western diet		Vegetable-Fruit-Dairy diet		Traditional Japanese diet
No. of participants	815		310		206		299
Total gray matter	0.401 (0.027)	0.475 (0.923)	0.412 (0.023)	0.460 (0.946)	0.395 (0.028)	0.491 (0.962)	0.394 (0.028)	0.480 (0.872)
Total white matter	0.335 (0.022)	0.264 (0.823)	0.341 (0.020)	0.116 (0.732)	0.331 (0.024)	0.275 (0.805)	0.332 (0.022)	0.408 (0.897)
Brain lobes
Frontal lobe	0.105 (0.008)	0.447 (1.284)	0.107 (0.007)	0.480 (1.360)	0.104 (0.008)	0.523 (1.270)	0.103 (0.008)	0.361 (1.210)
Parietal lobe	0.071 (0.006)	0.545 (1.312)	0.073 (0.005)	0.543 (1.370)	0.070 (0.005)	0.610 (1.320)	0.069 (0.006)	0.500 (1.240)
Occipital lobe	0.030 (0.003)	0.586 (1.226)	0.031 (0.003)	0.495 (1.210)	0.029 (0.003)	0.593 (1.220)	0.029 (0.003)	0.676 (1.250)
Temporal lobe	0.069 (0.006)	0.635 (1.185)	0.071 (0.005)	0.557 (1.210)	0.068 (0.005)	0.645 (1.200)	0.068 (0.006)	0.709 (1.150)
Insular lobe	0.009 (0.001)	0.394 (1.085)	0.009 (0.001)	0.320 (1.050)	0.009 (0.001)	0.427 (1.170)	0.009 (0.001)	0.450 (1.060)
Women			Western diet		Grain-Vegetable-Fruit diet		Traditional Japanese diet
No. of participants	821		387		144		290
Total gray matter	0.411 (0.022)	0.294 (0.878)	0.414 (0.021)	0.299 (0.810)	0.406 (0.021)	0.355 (1.000)	0.409 (0.024)	0.258 (0.902)
Total white matter	0.337 (0.020)	0.245 (0.744)	0.338 (0.019)	0.182 (0.654)	0.335 (0.018)	0.184 (0.853)	0.337 (0.021)	0.360 (0.786)
Brain lobes
Frontal lobe	0.108 (0.006)	0.205 (1.282)	0.109 (0.006)	0.254 (1.200)	0.107 (0.006)	0.281 (1.500)	0.107 (0.007)	0.103 (1.270)
Parietal lobe	0.073 (0.005)	0.346 (1.254)	0.074 (0.005)	0.382 (1.190)	0.072 (0.005)	0.419 (1.440)	0.072 (0.005)	0.263 (1.240)
Occipital lobe	0.030 (0.003)	0.391 (1.231)	0.030 (0.003)	0.346 (1.250)	0.030 (0.003)	0.509 (1.110)	0.030 (0.003)	0.394 (1.260)
Temporal lobe	0.071 (0.005)	0.443 (1.107)	0.072 (0.004)	0.431 (0.947)	0.070 (0.005)	0.481 (1.330)	0.070 (0.005)	0.442 (1.190)
Insular lobe	0.009 (0.001)	0.261 (1.065)	0.009 (0.001)	0.226 (1.020)	0.009 (0.001)	0.445 (0.992)	0.009 (0.001)	0.216 (1.160)

^aRelative volume of region of interest (ROI) = ROI volume (mm³)/total intracranial volume (mm³)
^b \(\text{Annual changes in region of interest (ROI)}\, (\%)=\frac{\text{relative volume of ROI}_\text{at baseline}-\text{relative volume of ROI}_\text{at follow-up}}{\text{relative volume of ROI}_\text{at baseline}}\div\frac{\text{follow-up time (days)}}{365.25}\times100\%\)

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