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Table 1 Baseline characteristics by dietary patterns in both men and women (n = 1636)

From: Associations of dietary patterns and longitudinal brain-volume change in Japanese community-dwelling adults: results from the national institute for longevity sciences-longitudinal study of aging

Men (n =815)

Total participants

Western diet

Vegetable-Fruit-Dairy diet

Traditional Japanese diet

P-value a

No. of participants

815

310

206

299

 

Age (years); mean (SD)

60.8 (11.7)

53.3 (9.0)

65.4 (10.9)

65.4 (10.7)

< 0.001

APOE-ε4 carriers b; %

20.1

21.9

20.4

18.1

0.488

BMI (kg/m2); mean (SD)

23.1 (2.7)

23.5 (2.7)

22.7 (2.6)

22.9 (2.6)

< 0.001

Medical history (yes); %

 Stroke

3.4

1.6

4.4

4.7

0.080

 Hypertension

30.6

24.8

30.6

36.5

0.008

 Heart disease

3.3

1.6

4.4

4.3

0.105

 Dyslipidemia

18.7

15.5

18.4

22.1

0.113

 Diabetes

8.7

4.5

12.6

10.4

0.003

 Current smoker; %

21.0

32.3

17.5

11.7

< 0.001

Total physical activity (METs-h/day); mean (SD)

34.2 (3.8)

34.9 (3.9)

34.0 (4.1)

33.6 (3.3)

< 0.001

Education level (years); %

 ≤9

14.0

6.5

18.9

18.4

< 0.001

 10−12

36.2

37.1

38.3

33.8

 ≥13

49.8

56.5

42.7

47.8

Depressive symptoms c; %

9.4

7.7

10.7

10.4

0.424

Energy intake (kcal/day); mean (SD)

2185.0 (355.0)

2225.0 (367.0)

2099.9 (341.4)

2201.1 (342.2)

< 0.001

Women (n =821)

Total participants

Western diet

Grain-Vegetable-Fruit diet

Traditional Japanese diet

P-value a

No. of participants

821

387

144

290

 

Age (years); mean (SD)

59.8 (11.9)

55.2 (10.7)

63.0 (10.8)

64.4 (11.9)

< 0.001

APOE-ε4 carriers b; %

19.5

19.9

17.4

20.0

0.777

BMI (kg/m2); mean (SD)

22.2 (3.3)

22.2 (3.4)

22.6 (3.3)

22.0 (3.1)

0.162

Medical history (yes); %

 Stroke

2.8

1.8

2.8

4.1

0.181

 Hypertension

24.0

18.9

26.4

29.7

0.004

 Heart disease

2.7

1.6

2.8

4.1

0.113

 Dyslipidemia

21.8

17.6

20.8

27.9

0.005

 Diabetes

4.9

3.9

4.9

6.2

0.378

 Current smoker; %

4.6

5.9

6.9

1.7

0.012

Total physical activity (METs-h/day); mean (SD)

35.7 (2.7)

35.9 (2.7)

35.8 (2.6)

35.3 (2.7)

0.007

Education level (years); %

 ≤9

17.4

12.1

21.5

22.4

0.002

 10−12

43.7

44.2

40.3

44.8

 s≥13

38.9

43.7

38.2

32.8

Depressive symptoms c; %

11.9

11.6

13.2

11.7

0.876

Energy intake (kcal/day); mean (SD)

1819.0 (306.0)

1798.0 (300.9)

1885.6 (309.4)

1813.4 (308.8)

0.013

  1. SD Standard deviation, APOE Apoprotein E, BMI Body mass index, MET Metabolic equivalents
  2. aFor continuous variables, the general linear model was used; for categorical variables, the χ2 test and Fisher’s Exact Test were used
  3. bAPOE genotype was defined as APOE-ε4 carriers (2/4, 3/4, 4/4) and APOE-ε4 noncarriers (2/2, 2/3, 3/3)
  4. cDefined by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score ≥ 16
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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