Table 2 Individual components of the Breakfast Quality Index (BQI) and distribution of children/adolescent from the INHES Study scoring 1 point for each component across BQI categories
Categories of BQI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Population | Low (0–4 points) | Medium (5 points) | High (≥ 6 points) | p-value | |
N of participants (%) | 505 (100%) | 166 (32.9%) | 191 (37.8%) | 148 (29.3%) | |
BQI (mean ± SD) | 4.97 ± 1.00 | 3.84 ± 0.42 | 5.0 ± 0.0 | 6.19 ± 0.54 | < 0.0001 |
Cereals and derivatives consumption | 68.3 | 17.5 | 93.7 | 92.6 | < 0.0001 |
Fruit or Vegetables consumption | 11.5 | 9.6 | 5.8 | 20.9 | < 0.0001 |
Dairy products consumption | 78.6 | 79.5 | 72.8 | 85.1 | 0.021 |
Foods rich in simple sugars (sugar, jam, honey) < 5% of total daily energy | 97.4 | 94.0 | 99.0 | 99.3 | 0.0028 |
MUFA-rich fats (olive oil, vegetable oil) | 2.8 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 7.4 | 0.0001 |
MUFA:SFA ratio above the median | 49.7 | 8.4 | 50.8 | 94.6 | < 0.0001 |
Compliance with energy intake recommendations (20–25% of total daily energy) | 9.3 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 26.3 | < 0.0001 |
Cereals, fruit and dairy product in the same meal | 2.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.8 | < 0.0001 |
Calcium intake (200-300 mg) | 79.2 | 79.5 | 73.8 | 85.8 | 0.026 |
Absence of SFA and trans-rich fats (butter, margarine) | 97.8 | 93.4 | 100.0 | 100.0 | < 0.0001 |