Table 1 Sample characteristics of NHATS participants by food insufficiency status1,2
All | FS without FAP | FS with FAP | FI | P-values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 1665 | 1433 | 164 | 68 | |
% | 86.07 | 9.85 | 4.08 | ||
Age groups, year, % | 0.88 | ||||
65–69 | 8.53 | 8.44 | 10.37 | 5.88 | |
70–74 | 24.68 | 24.98 | 21.34 | 26.47 | |
75–79 | 22.94 | 22.54 | 26.22 | 23.53 | |
80–84 | 22.22 | 22.26 | 22.56 | 20.59 | |
85–89 | 13.27 | 13.33 | 10.98 | 17.65 | |
> 90 | 8.35 | 8.44 | 8.54 | 5.88 | |
Females, % | 54.41 | 52.13 | 62.20 | 81.82 | < 0.0001 |
Race/Ethnicity, % | < 0.0001 | ||||
White, non-Hispanic | 73.87 | 77.18 | 47.56 | 65.65 | |
Black, non-Hispanic | 17.30 | 15.56 | 32.32 | 17.65 | |
Hispanic | 3.06 | 3.07 | 3.05 | 2.94 | |
Other | 5.77 | 4.19 | 17.07 | 11.76 | |
Education, % | < 0.0001 | ||||
< High school diploma | 21.26 | 17.10 | 51.22 | 36.76 | |
High school diploma | 31.11 | 30.84 | 32.93 | 32.35 | |
> High school diploma | 47.63 | 52.06 | 15.85 | 30.88 | |
Marital status, % | < 0.0001 | ||||
Married, living with a partner | 49.01 | 53.31 | 25.61 | 14.71 | |
Not married, widowed, separated, divorced | 50.99 | 46.69 | 74.39 | 85.29 | |
Income quintiles, % | < 0.0001 | ||||
1 (the lowest) | 19.70 | 13.05 | 67.07 | 45.59 | |
2 | 21.38 | 20.52 | 26.22 | 27.94 | |
3 | 18.20 | 20.03 | 4.27 | 13.24 | |
4 | 19.46 | 21.98 | 1.83 | 8.82 | |
5 (the highest) | 21.26 | 24.42 | 0.61 | 4.41 | |
Household size, number of persons | 1.96 (1.08) | 1.95 (1.03) | 2.17 (1.38) | 1.72 (1.13) | 0.005 |
Nutritional status, % | < 0.0001 | ||||
Underweight | 2.10 | 2.09 | 1.22 | 4.41 | |
Normal | 32.49 | 33.29 | 27.44 | 27.94 | |
Overweight | 35.50 | 36.85 | 30.49 | 19.12 | |
Obese | 29.91 | 27.77 | 40.85 | 48.53 | |
Depression, score | 0.96 (1.39) | 0.85 (1.29) | 1.52 (1.72) | 1.87 (1.72) | 0.0001 |
Anxiety, score | 0.85 (1.28) | 0.76 (1.19) | 1.34 (1.59) | 1.57 (1.61) | 0.0001 |
Hypertension, % | 73.33 | 71.67 | 83.54 | 83.82 | 0.001 |
Diabetes, % | 28.17 | 26.17 | 39.02 | 44.12 | < 0.0001 |
Heart attack or myocardial infarction, % | 2.82 | 2.37 | 6.10 | 4.41 | 0.02 |
Physical function test score quartiles (N = 1448), % | (N = 1258) | (N = 135) | (N = 55) | < 0.0001 | |
1 (the worst) | 22.44 | 18.68 | 48.15 | 45.45 | |
2 | 25.28 | 24.80 | 25.19 | 36.36 | |
3 | 29.49 | 30.76 | 22.96 | 16.36 | |
4 (the best) | 22.79 | 25.76 | 3.70 | 1.82 | |
Nighttime sleep (N = 1614), hours | (N = 1396) | (N = 152) | (N = 66) | 0.72 | |
7.05 (1.55) | 7.06 (1.51) | 7.09 (1.78) | 6.83 (1.83) | ||
Total sleep (N = 1518), hours | (N = 1372) | (N = 146) | (N = 63) | 0.82 | |
7.75 (1.77) | 7.73 (1.73) | 7.85 (1.98) | 7.67 (2.06) | ||
Sleep latency (N = 1584), hour | (N = 1369) | (N = 154) | (N = 61) | 0.01 | |
0.50 (1.01) | 0.48 (1.03) | 0.54 (0.76) | 0.68 (0.86) | ||
Sleep quality (N = 1649), score | (N = 1420) | (N = 161) | (N = 68) | 0.008 | |
1.11 (1.02) | 1.08 (1.02) | 1.25 (1.02) | 1.44 (1.15) |