Development and validation of a novel food exchange system for Chinese pregnant women

Nutrition Journal

Table 1 Food categories and characteristics in the NFES-CPW

Food categories	Food exchange bases	Representative food	Portion size
Cereal and its products, potatoes, and beans excluding soybeans	energy	dry rice or wheat flour	25 g (86 kcal energy)
Vegetables	energy and dry matter	fresh spinach	50 g (12.5 kcal energy and water content accounts for 90% of total weight)
Fruits	energy and dry matter	apple	50 g (25 kcal energy and water content accounts for 85% of total weight)
Livestock and poultry meat	energy and protein	fresh lean pork	25 g (70 kcal energy and 10 g protein)
Fish, shrimp and shellfish	energy and protein	fresh hairtail	25 g (27.5 kcal energy and 4.5 g protein)
Eggs	energy and protein	fresh whole chicken eggs	25 g (35 kcal energy and 3 g protein)
Milk and its products	energy and protein	fresh whole cow’s milk	125 g (70 kcal energy and 4 g protein)
Soybean and its products	energy and protein	dry soybeans	15 g (60 kcal energy and 6 g protein)
Nuts	energy and protein	fried peanuts	15 g (90 kcal energy and 4 g protein)
Cooking oils	energy	peanut oil	10 g (90 kcal energy)

ISSN: 1475-2891