Mushroom consumption and hyperuricemia: results from the National Institute for Longevity Sciences-Longitudinal Study of Aging and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2018)

Table 5 ORs and corresponding 95% CIs for incident hyperuricemia by mushroom consumption in men by age (NILS-LSA; n = 799)

	Groups of mushroom consumption								P-trend
	Non-consumer		Middle			Highest
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI
< 65 years (n = 633)
Mushroom consumption (g/day); mean (SD)	0 (-)		6.8 (3.4)			26.8 (12.9)
No. of participants	111		253			269
Model 1^b	1.00	Ref.	0.85	0.50	1.45	0.57	0.33	0.99	0.034
Model 2^c	1.00	Ref.	0.81	0.48	1.38	0.58	0.33	1.01	0.042
Model 3^d	1.00	Ref.	0.77	0.44	1.36	0.55	0.31	0.99	0.036
≥ 65 years (n = 166)
Mushroom consumption (g/day); mean (SD)	0 (-)		6.8 (3.0)			27.3 (13.1)
No. of participants^e	31		73			62

^aAnalysis by Generalized estimating equation
^bAdjusted for baseline information on age (years; continuous), BMI (kg/m²; < 18.5, 18.5– < 25, ≥ 25), disease history (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes; yes or no for each), eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²; continuous), serum UA concentration level (μmol/L), education (less than high school, high school, above high school), and follow-up time (days; continuous)
^cAdjusted for Model 1 + baseline information on smoking status (current smoker, others), alcohol drinking (current drinker, others), and total physical activity (METs-h/day; continuous)
^dAdjusted for Model 2 + baseline information on consumption (g/day; continuous) of fish and shellfish, meat, vegetables, and fruit, and energy intake (kcal/d; continuous)
^eThe number of participants in each subgroup and the count of those who developed hyperuricemia during the follow-up period was too small for the model to converge. As a result, the OR could not be calculated

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