Table 2 Baseline characteristics of participants in NILS-LSA (n = 1,738)

No. of participants

326

696

716

Mushroom consumption (g/day); mean (SD)

0 -

6.7 (3.3)

26.7 (13.0)

 < 0.001

Serum UA (μmol/L); mean (SD)

283.2 (64.2)

281.1 (64.0)

279.2 (64.4)

0.645

Age (years); mean (SD)

53.7 (11.7)

53.1 (11.4)

53.9 (10.9)

0.406

Men; %

43.6

46.8

46.2

0.608

BMI (kg/m²); mean (SD)

22.6 (3.0)

22.5 (2.9)

22.6 (2.8)

0.907

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; mL/min/1.73m²; continuous); mean (SD)

97.8 (14.1)

98.1 (14.7)

97.6 (14.2)

0.840

HbA1c (%); mean (SD)

5.5 (0.9)

5.5 (0.6)

5.5 (0.6)

0.688

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg); mean (SD)

119.5 (18.1)

119.9 (19.1)

119.2 (17.9)

0.785

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg); mean (SD)

73.6 (10.8)

73.7 (11.1)

73.6 (10.9)

0.957

Medical history (yes); %

 Hypertension

17.5

14.9

14.1

0.365

 Dyslipidemia

10.7

11.6

12.7

0.633

 Diabetes mellitus

4.9

3.6

6.4

0.051

Current smoker; %

20.9

22.8

18.9

0.182

Alcohol intake (g/day); mean (SD)

10.2 (20.2)

10.1 (16.0)

9.3 (14.5)

0.539

Total physical activity (METs-h/day); mean (SD)

36.1 (4.2)

36.1 (4.1)

36.0 (4.1)

0.888

Education above high school; %

35.6

37.2

37.6

0.665

Energy intake (kcal/day); mean (SD)

2104.6 (430.4)

2138.5 (410.8)

2149.0 (410.8)

0.272

Food consumption (g/day); mean (SD)

 Fish and shellfish

85.7 (49.8)

93.2 (51.6)

101.1 (52.0)

 < 0.001

 Meat

35.0 (28.0)

36.4 (28.1)

36.5 (29.6)

0.729

 Vegetables

251.2 (118.9)

255.2 (101.7)

292.2 (115.2)

 < 0.001

 Fruit

135.0 (134.2)

126.9 (109.7)

140.1 (114.2)

0.102