Table 3 Characteristics of the participants according to the quartiles of DII

Age (years)

42.12 ± 8.41

43.21 ± 8.30

44.09 ± 8.09

46.10 ± 7.85

< 0.001

Weight (kg)

67.66 ± 13.62

69.37 ± 9.44

74.65 ± 11.01

77.16 ± 13.78

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

28.22 ± 5.24

28.63 ± 4.86

29.87 ± 4.55

29.92 ± 4.77

< 0.001

WC (cm)

97.10 ± 12.14

98.84 ± 10.82

99.10 ± 10.41

101.58 ± 11.40

0.005

TC (mg/dl)

182.74 ± 23.71

183.12 ± 32.13

187.35 ± 37.63

192.66 ± 28.17

< 0.001

LDL-C (mg/dl)

97.32 ± 29.59

101.79 ± 26.34

103.54 ± 26.23

105.17 ± 25.46

< 0.001

HDL-C (mg/dl)

51.44 ± 11.2

50.31 ± 10.74

46.6 ± 11.44

44.24 ± 11.42

< 0.001

TG (mg/dl)

128.25 ± 70.43

129.09 ± 68.04

130.11 ± 27.14

130.45 ± 86.52

0.166

FBS (mg/dl)

95.03 ± 25.31

95.19 ± 29.44

96.23 ± 30.02

96.42 ± 29.53

0.852

Smoking%

(CI 95%)

No

91.64 (88.29 to 94.10)

94.28 (91.89 to 96)

95.22 (93.69 to 96.39)

96.03 (95.19 to 96.72)

0.001^**

Current

4.46 (2.75 to 7.16)

1.97 (1.06 to 3.63)

1.63 (1.01 to 2.64)

1.31 (0.93 to 1.84)

Former

3.90 (2.32 to 6.48)

3.75 (2.40 to 5.80)

3.15 (2.23 to 4.45)

2.66 (2.10 to 3.37)

Total calorie intake (Kcal/d)

1877.52 ± 131.39

1934.95 ± 186.34

2079.93 ± 144.49

2135.58 ± 175.58

< 0.001

Carbohydrate (Kcal/d)

1287.16 ± 96.43

1286.82 ± 104.16

1289.33 ± 61.42

1294.74 ± 61.40

0.8974

Fat (Kcal/d)

439.64 ± 44.13

443.18 ± 22.52

448.68 ± 27.62

449.06 ± 32.77

0.0725

Protein (Kcal/d)

150.52 ± 14.06

204.88 ± 19.10

341.32 ± 13.49

391.78 ± 22.09

< 0.001

Fiber (g/d)

32.87 ± 2.61

24.86 ± 4.05

18.97 ± 3.27

10.07 ± 1.13

< 0.001