“Western” dietary pattern | “Unhealthy” dietary pattern | “Traditional” dietary pattern | “Semi-healthy” dietary pattern | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | T2 | T3 | P* | T1 | T2 | T3 | P* | T1 | T2 | T3 | P* | T1 | T2 | T3 | P* | ||||
Food groups (g/d) | |||||||||||||||||||
Fruits | 432.4 ± 354 | 392.8 ± 417 | 413.9 ± 255 | 0.78 | 592.0 ± 509 | 338.8 ± 170 | 308.9 ± 175 | < 0.01 | 286.2 ± 176 | 360.7 ± 268 | 592.6 ± 460 | < 0.01 | 330.5 ± 222 | 348.0 ± 207 | 561.1 ± 492 | < 0.01 | |||
Vegetables | 562.4 ± 524 | 409.5 ± 284 | 521.6 ± 426 | 0.07 | 783.7 ± 580 | 408.6 ± 229 | 301.2 ± 177 | < 0.01 | 383.8 ± 347 | 426.6 ± 289 | 682.8 ± 541 | < 0.01 | 506.1 ± 452 | 441.7 ± 401 | 545.2 ± 422 | 0.31 | |||
Red meat | 49.1 ± 35.0 | 63.5 ± 47.6 | 66.9 ± 53.4 | 0.04 | 44.8 ± 38.5 | 61.9 ± 42.8 | 72.9 ± 52.9 | < 0.01 | 43.3 ± 30.5 | 60.5 ± 42.2 | 75.8 ± 57.3 | < 0.01 | 47.7 ± 37.2 | 61.6 ± 51.8 | 70.4 ± 46.7 | < 0.01 | |||
Low-fat dairy | 233.9 ± 170 | 318.9 ± 323 | 333.4 ± 253 | 0.03 | 449.7 ± 354 | 276.1 ± 146 | 160.9 ± 122 | < 0.01 | 342.1 ± 329 | 293.5 ± 209 | 251.0 ± 219 | 0.09 | 306.4 ± 322 | 285.0 ± 234 | 295.3 ± 213 | 0.87 | |||
Nuts | 29.2 ± 62.7 | 13.0 ± 14.3 | 21.7 ± 14.9 | 0.03 | 31.0 ± 60.0 | 20.0 ± 24.9 | 12.9 ± 10.0 | 0.01 | 10.9 ± 6.9 | 21.3 ± 21.9 | 31.5 ± 61.2 | < 0.01 | 13.7 ± 11.1 | 15.1 ± 13.0 | 35.1 ± 62.6 | < 0.01 | |||
Whole grains | 114.9 ± 96 | 109.2 ± 70 | 105.5 ± 78 | 0.77 | 107.1 ± 73 | 114.7 ± 93 | 107.7 ± 78 | 0.81 | 80.3 ± 62.4 | 113.7 ± 74.3 | 135.6 ± 97.0 | < 0.01 | 70.1 ± 53.2 | 100.3 ± 61.1 | 159.2 ± 98.5 | < 0.01 | |||
Nutrients | |||||||||||||||||||
Energy (kcal) | 2275 ± 754 | 2547 ± 682 | 3156 ± 614 | < 0.01 | 2764 ± 785 | 2471 ± 733 | 2744 ± 783 | 0.03 | 2139 ± 567 | 2584 ± 683 | 3254 ± 628 | < 0.01 | 2361 ± 784 | 2555 ± 724 | 3061 ± 646 | < 0.01 | |||
Protein (g/d) | 82.0 ± 29.7 | 95.5 ± 25.4 | 121.5 ± 26 | < 0.01 | 109.6 ± 32.4 | 93.0 ± 29.3 | 96.4 ± 31.1 | < 0.01 | 87.5 ± 28.5 | 97.1 ± 30.6 | 114.4 ± 30.1 | < 0.01 | 81.9 ± 27.8 | 94.2 ± 25.5 | 122.8 ± 26.9 | < 0.01 | |||
CHO (g/d) | 327.2 ± 121 | 359.8 ± 121 | 432.0 ± 98 | < 0.01 | 393.0 ± 129 | 347.3 ± 114 | 378.8 ± 119 | 0.06 | 295.7 ± 81 | 355.1 ± 107 | 468.2 ± 106 | < 0.01 | 331.4 ± 116 | 360.1 ± 109 | 427.4 ± 121 | < 0.01 | |||
Fat (g/d) | 77.0 ± 32.1 | 86.2 ± 27.3 | 112.7 ± 31.7 | < 0.01 | 92.9 ± 34.3 | 84.1 ± 29.8 | 98.9 ± 36.0 | 0.02 | 71.6 ± 26.8 | 92.1 ± 30.5 | 112.1 ± 31.5 | < 0.01 | 84.4 ± 33.2 | 87.9 ± 35.6 | 103.5 ± 29.9 | < 0.01 | |||
Sodium (g/d) | 5.6 ± 3.6 | 5.7 ± 3.1 | 7.7 ± 6.0 | < 0.01 | 7.9 ± 6.5 | 5.6 ± 2.7 | 5.4 ± 2.8 | < 0.01 | 5.6 ± 4.0 | 6.0 ± 3.3 | 7.4 ± 5.8 | 0.03 | 8.4 ± 6.5 | 5.0 ± 1.9 | 5.6 ± 3.1 | < 0.01 | |||
Calcium (g/d) | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | < 0.01 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | < 0.01 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | < 0.01 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.05 | |||
Fiber (g/d) | 24.6 ± 17.0 | 21.1 ± 10.9 | 27.0 ± 12.0 | 0.03 | 34.0 ± 18.4 | 20.4 ± 6.7 | 18.3 ± 6.4 | < 0.01 | 17.9 ± 6.9 | 21.3 ± 8.8 | 33.4 ± 17.6 | < 0.01 | 21.2 ± 10.8 | 21.4 ± 9.6 | 30.1 ± 17.5 | < 0.01 |