The effect of a low renal acid load diet on blood pressure, lipid profile, and blood glucose indices in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial

Table 3 Comparison of anthropometric indices, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, and blood pressure in the low renal acid diet and control groups before and after the study

	*LRAL diet* (n = *36)*				*Control* (n = *35)*				P^c	P^d
	Baseline	End of trial	Change	P^b	Baseline	End of trial	Change	P^b	P^c	P^d
BMI (kg/m²)	28.7 ± 4.8	27.3 ± 4.57	-1.4	< 0.001	27.7 ± 3.7	26.8 ± 3.6	-0.9	< 0.001	0.21	0.21
Weight (kg)	77.6 ± 15.6	74.5 ± 14.68	-3.0	< 0.001	73.8 ± 11.2	71.5 ± 10.1	-2.3	< 0.001	0.46	0.46
FBG (mg/dl)	192.3 ± 68.2	155.0 ± 51.45	-37.2	< 0.001	190.5 ± 78.2	160.1 ± 66.4	-30.5	0.01	0.59	0.59
HbA1C (%)	8.7 ± 2.2	7.9 ± 1.98	-0.8	< 0.001	8.2 ± 2.3	7.7 ± 1.8	-2.3	0.01	0.66	0.66
Insulin (mIU/L)	7.5 ± 2.4	7.5 ± 2.59	0.7	0.94	7.9 ± 2.3	5.8 ± 2.4	-3.5	0.01	0.08	0.08
HOMA-IR	3.4 ± 2.5	2.7 ± 2.63	-0.6	0.19	3.5 ± 2.4	2.1 ± 2.3	-30.5	0.001	0.08	0.08
QUICKI	0.3 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.05	0.0	0.24	0.3 ± 0.0	0.3 ± 0.0	-0.9	0.001	0.25	0.27
SBP (mm Hg)	127 ± 13.8	108 ± 35.8	-18.3	0.004	128.8 ± 17.6	110.2 ± 43.2	-3.5	0.01	0.99	0.99
DBP (mm Hg)	77 ± 6.3	70 ± 20.1	-6.5	< 0.05	79.4 ± 11.6	80.0 ± 11.6	0.6	0.78	0.05	0.05
TC (mm Hg)	187.9 ± 50.1	183.0 ± 47.3	-4.9	0.50	178.7 ± 45.7	180.2 ± 49.5	1.5	0.69	0.55	0.57
HDL (mg/dl)	41.7 ± 7.7	50.2 ± 12.5	8.5	0.002	40.4 ± 9.9	49.3 ± 12.0	8.9	0.005	0.753	0.753
LDL (mg/dl)	98.3 ± 31.8	95.0 ± 25.7	-3.3	0.42	96.2 ± 33.7	90.8 ± 28.89	-5.45	0.014	0.481	0.479
TG (mg/dl)	163.1 ± 1.6	148.5 ± 1.6	-13.7	< 0.05	147.1 ± 1.7	127.58 ± 1.68	-24.93	0.003	0.303	0.302

BMI Body mass index, FBG Fasting blood glucose, HbA1C Hemoglobin A1C, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, TC Total cholesterol, HDL High-density lipoprotein, LDL Low-density lipoprotein, TG Triglyceride, HOMA-IR Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, QUICKI Quantitative insulin sensitivity check inde
^aVariables are expressed as mean ± SD except for insulin, HOMA-IR and TG reported as geometric mean ± SD
^bComparison between baseline and endpoint, obtained from Paired T test
^cObtained from ANCOVA, adjusted for baseline value
^dObtained from ANCOVA, adjusted for baseline value after intention to treat

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