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Table 2 Association between maternal breakfast intake frequency and HDP

From: Skipping breakfast during pregnancy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Japanese women: the Tohoku medical megabank project birth and three-generation cohort study

 

Frequency of breakfast consumption

p-for trend1

Everyday

5–6 times/week

3–4 times/week

0–2 times/week

HDP

 n cases/n (%)

1397/13945 (10.0)

268/1882 (14.2)

162/1284 (12.6)

248/1675 (14.8)

 

 Model 1, OR(95% CI)

1.00

1.49

(1.30–1.72)

1.30

(1.09–1.54)

1.56

(1.35–1.81)

< 0.001

 Model 2, OR(95% CI)

1.00

1.37

(1.19–1.59)

1.15

(0.96–1.38)

1.38

(1.18–1.62)

< 0.001

 Model 3, OR(95% CI)

1.00

1.35

(1.17–1.57)

1.13

(0.94–1.35)

1.35

(1.15–1.58)

< 0.001

  1. HDP hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. Model 1 was the crude model
  3. Model 2 was adjusted for age at delivery, pre-pregnancy body mass index, household income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, parity, gestational diabetes, morning sickness, and insomnia
  4. Model 3 was adjusted for the variables adjusted for in model 2 and consumption of energy, carbohydrate, potassium, sodium, vitamin D, and calcium
  5. 1p-for trends were calculated as trends across categories
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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