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Table 3 Associations of dietary patterns with birth weight SD score and SGA from pre- to early pregnancy

From: Dietary patterns before and during pregnancy and small for gestational age in Japan: a prospective birth cohort study

 

Quartile 1

Quartile 2

Quartile 3

Quartile 4

P for trend

β or OR

95% CI

β or OR

95% CI

β or OR

95% CI

Birth weight SD score, β and 95%CI

 RRR

  Unadjusted model

Reference

0.06

0.02, 0.10

0.09

0.05, 0.13

0.14

0.10, 0.18

<  0.001

  Adjusted model 1a

Reference

0.06

0.02, 0.10

0.09

0.05, 0.13

0.12

0.08, 0.17

<  0.001

  Adjusted model 2b

Reference

0.04

0.01, 0.08

0.08

0.04, 0.12

0.10

0.06, 0.14

<  0.001

 PLS

  Unadjusted model

Reference

0.06

0.02, 0.10

0.12

0.08, 0.16

0.13

0.09, 0.17

<  0.001

  Adjusted model 1

Reference

0.06

0.02, 0.10

0.11

0.07, 0.15

0.12

0.08, 0.16

<  0.001

  Adjusted model 2

Reference

0.05

0.01, 0.09

0.10

0.06, 0.13

0.09

0.05, 0.13

<  0.001

 PCA1

  Unadjusted model

Reference

0.04

−0.004, 0.08

0.02

−0.02, 0.06

0.03

−0.01, 0.07

0.33

  Adjusted model 1

Reference

0.03

−0.01, 0.07

0.002

−0.04, 0.04

0.01

−0.03, 0.05

0.91

  Adjusted model 2

Reference

0.04

−0.003, 0.07

0.01

−0.03, 0.05

0.02

−0.02, 0.06

0.66

 PCA2

  Unadjusted model

Reference

−0.03

− 0.07, 0.01

0.002

− 0.04, 0.04

−0.02

− 0.06, 0.02

0.7

  Adjusted model 1

Reference

−0.03

−0.07, 0.01

0.001

−0.04, 0.04

− 0.02

−0.06, 0.02

0.65

  Adjusted model 2

Reference

−0.02

−0.06, 0.02

0.01

−0.03, 0.05

− 0.003

−0.04, 0.04

0.72

SGA, OR and 95%CI

 RRR

  Unadjusted model

Reference

0.86

0.72, 1.01

0.78

0.66, 0.93

0.77

0.65, 0.91

0.001

  Adjusted model 1

Reference

0.87

0.73, 1.03

0.80

0.67, 0.95

0.79

0.67, 0.95

0.006

  Adjusted model 2

Reference

0.88

0.75, 1.05

0.81

0.68, 0.96

0.83

0.69, 0.99

0.02

 PLS

  Unadjusted model

Reference

0.81

0.68, 0.95

0.76

0.64, 0.90

0.73

0.62, 0.87

<  0.001

  Adjusted model 1

Reference

0.81

0.69, 0.96

0.77

0.65, 0.91

0.74

0.62, 0.89

<  0.001

  Adjusted model 2

Reference

0.82

0.69, 0.98

0.78

0.66, 0.93

0.77

0.64, 0.92

0.003

 PCA1

  Unadjusted model

Reference

0.88

0.74, 1.05

0.94

0.80, 1.12

1.01

0.86, 1.20

0.68

  Adjusted model 1

Reference

0.89

0.75, 1.06

0.97

0.82, 1.15

1.05

0.89, 1.25

0.40

  Adjusted model 2

Reference

0.88

0.74, 1.05

0.95

0.80, 1.13

1.02

0.86, 1.21

0.63

 PCA2

  Unadjusted model

Reference

1.04

0.88, 1.23

0.81

0.68, 0.97

0.97

0.82, 1.15

0.22

  Adjusted model 1

Reference

1.05

0.89, 1.24

0.82

0.69, 0.98

0.98

0.83, 1.17

0.30

  Adjusted model 2

Reference

1.04

0.88, 1.23

0.79

0.66, 0.95

0.95

0.80, 1.13

0.15

  1. RRR reduced-rank regression, PLS partial least-squares regression, PCA principal component analysis, β regression coefficients, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, SGA small for gestational age
  2. aModel 1 adjusted for maternal age (< 25; 25–29; 30–34; ≧ 35, years), pre-pregnancy body mass index (continuous kg/m2), educational attainment (high school graduate or less; junior college or vocational college graduate; university graduate or above), household income (< 4,000,000; 4,000,000–5,999,999; ≧ 6,000,000 Japanese Yen/year), cigarette smoking (never; stopped before pregnancy; stopped after pregnancy; current), alcohol drinking (never; former; current), folic acid supplement consumption during early pregnancy (yes; no)
  3. bModel 2 adjusted for variables in model 1 plus maternal gestational weight gain (continuous, kg)
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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