Table 8 Mean energy and nutrient intake from breakfast of Adolescents by NRF 9.3 Score in Tertiles

Energy (kcal)

440 ± 3.3

383.1 ± 5.7

498.4 ± 5.6

445.5 ± 5.4

 < 0.001⁺

Macronutrients

 Total Protein (g)

13.3 ± 0.1

9.3 ± 0.2

15.2 ± 0.2

15.7 ± 0.2

 < 0.001⁺

 Total Carbohydrate (g)

76.6 ± 0.6

67.4 ± 1

87.2 ± 1.1

73.3 ± 0.9

 < 0.001⁺

 Total Fat (g)

9 ± 0.1

8.5 ± 0.2

9.7 ± 0.2

8.5 ± 0.2

 < 0.001⁻

 Saturated Fat (g)

3.8 ± 0.1

3.6 ± 0.1

4.2 ± 0.1

3.4 ± 0.1

 < 0.001⁻

 MUFA (g)

2.5 ± 0.05

2.3 ± 0.1

2.6 ± 0.1

2.4 ± 0.01

 < 0.001⁻

 PUFA (g)

1.2 ± 0.02

1.1 ± 0.03

1.2 ± 0.03

1.2 ± 0.03

 < 0.001⁻

 Total Fiber (g)

1.9 ± 0.02

1.5 ± 0.03

1.9 ± 0.03

2.4 ± 0.05

 < 0.001⁺

 Total Sugar (g)

8.6 ± 0.1

10.3 ± 0.2

6.7 ± 0.2

8.2 ± 0.2

 < 0.001⁻

Vitamins and Minerals

 Thiamin (mg)

0.22 ± 0.003

0.15 ± 0.003

0.19 ± 0.004

0.33 ± 0.01

 < 0.001⁺

 Riboflavin(mg)

0.21 ± 0.003

0.12 ± 0.002

0.20 ± 0.003

0.32 ± 0.01

 < 0.001⁺

 Niacin (mg)

4.2 ± 0.04

2.9 ± 0.04

4.5 ± 0.1

5.3 ± 0.1

 < 0.001⁺

 Vitamin C (mg)

3.4 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.1

1.7 ± 0.1

7.3 ± 0.2

 < 0.001⁺

 Vitamin A

84.4 ± 2.8

17.5 ± 0.9

67.8 ± 1.6

142.2 ± 2.7

 < 0.001⁺

 Vitamin D

0.7 ± 0.02

0.1 ± 0.01

0.6 ± 0.02

1.5 ± 0.04

 < 0.001⁺

 Calcium (mg)

85.3 ± 1.3

42.7 ± 1

79.8 ± 1.6

130.9 ± 2.5

 < 0.001⁺

 Phosphorus (mg)

208.5 ± 1.9

138.3 ± 2.7

236 ± 2.7

256.7 ± 3.5

 < 0.001⁺

 Iron (mg)

2.3 ± 0.03

1.7 ± 0.04

2.2 ± 0.04

3 ± 0.05

 < 0.001⁺

 Magnesium

39.3 ± 0.4

24.2 ± 0.4

40.3 ± 0.5

53.6 ± 0.8

 < 0.001⁺

 Potassium

271.1 ± 2.7

192.6 ± 3

265.5 ± 3.5

357.7 ± 5.7

 < 0.001⁺

 Sodium (mg)

301.5 ± 5.7

400.8 ± 9.8

262.7 ± 8.3

200.5 ± 6.9

 < 0.001⁻

Non-essential nutrient

 Cholesterol

47.8 ± 1.1

18.5 ± 1

68.1 ± 1.9

59.1 ± 2.2

 < 0.001⁺