Table 1 Characteristics of Male and Female Participants from the 2018 and 2019 International Food Policy Study (N = 42,108)

Age

45.5 (16.8)

45.2 (16.8)

45.8 (16.7)

 < .001

Race/ethnicity^b

.374

  Majority group

34,414 (78.5%)

16,855 (77.8%)

17,559 (79.3%)

  Minority group

7,199 (20.3%)

3,557 (21.0%)

3,642 (19.5)

  Not stated

495 (1.2%)

229 (2.2%)

266 (1.2)

Education^c

 < .001

  Low

11,875 (43.1%)

5,361 (40.9%)

6,514 (45.1%)

  Medium

11,360 (21.8%)

5,317 (21.4%)

6,043 (22.2%)

  High

18,730 (34.8%)

9,893 (37.3%)

8,837 (32.4%)

  Not stated

143 (0.4%)

70 (0.4%)

73 (0.4%)

BMI category (kg/m²)

 < .001

  Underweight (< 18.5)

1,173 (3.0%)

382 (2.2%)

791 (3.7%)

  Normal weight (≥ 18.5 to < 25.0)

14,660 (33.9%)

6,640 (31.9%)

8,020 (35.8%)

  Overweight (≥ 25.0 to < 30.0)

12,048 (27.9%)

7,127 (33.0%)

4,921 (23.0%)

  Obesity (≥ 30.0)

14,227 (35.2%)

6,492 (32.9%)

7,735 (37.4%)

Country

 < .001

  Canada

8,317 (19.7%)

4,053 (20.1%)

4,264 (19.3%)

  Australia

7,598 (18.1%)

3,721 (18.5%)

3,877 (17.8%)

  United Kingdom

9,267 (22.0%)

4,521 (22.0%)

4,746 (22.0%)

  United States

8,577 (20.4%)

4,039 (20.1%)

4,538 (20.6%)

  Mexico

8,349 (19.8%)

4,307 (19.3%)

4,042 (20.3%)

Weight gain attempts, past 12 months

2,982 (7.9%)

1,900 (10.4%)

1,082 (5.4%)

 < .001