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Table 1 General Characteristics and Thyroid Disease Spectrum Stratified by the Type of Salt Used, n(%)

From: Iodine nutrition status and thyroid autoimmunity during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study of 4635 pregnant women

 

Pooled

Early pregnancy

Middle pregnancy

Later pregnancy

Iodized salt

Non-iodized salt

Iodized salt

Non-iodized salt

Iodized salt

Non-iodized salt

Iodized salt

Non-iodized salt

N

3436

1199

1118

419

1439

493

879

287

Age, years

29 (26–32)

29 (27–33)

29 (27–32)

30 (27–39)

28 (26–32)

29 (26–33)

28 (26–32)

30 (27–33)

  ≥ 35

450 (13.10)

191 (15.93)*

160 (14.39)

65 (15.25)

168 (11.67)

75 (15.21)*

122 (13.88)

51 (17.77)*

Education status n(%)

  ≤ 9 years

1219 (35.50)

239 (20.08)*

318 (28.20)

54 (13.01)*

568 (39.50)

109 (22.29)*

336 (38.23)

76 (26.57)*

 Senior high school

and college,

856 (24.93)

283 (23.78)*

310 (27.75)

95 (22.89)*

362 (25.17)

123 (25.15)*

184 (20.93)

65 (22.73)*

 Bachelor’s degree and higher

1359 (39.57)

668 (56.13)*

492 (44.05)

54 (64.10)*

508 (35.33)

257 (52.56)*

359 (40.84)

145 (50.70)*

Occupation status

 Mental

2724 (79.28)

979 (81.65)

873 (78.09)

331 (79.00)

1151 (79.99)

413 (83.77)

700 (79.64)

235 (81.88)

 Physical

712 (20.75)

220 (18.35)

245 (21.91)

88 (21.00)

288 (20.01)

80 (16.23)

179 (20.36)

52 (18.12)

Family income per person last years, yuan

  < 100,000

667 (19.46)

153 (12.88)*

173 (15.49)

41 (9.93)*

300 (20.92)

71 (14.52)*

194 (22.12)

41 (14.43)*

 100,000–200,000

1445 (42.15)

456 (38.38)*

471 (42.17)

158 (38.26)*

608 (42.40)

193 (39.47)*

366 (41.73)

105 (36.71)*

  ≥ 200,000

1316 (38.39)

579 (48.74)*

473 (42.35)

214 (51.82)*

526 (36.68)

225 (46.01)*

317 (36.15)

140 (48.95)*

Former smoker

81 (2.36)

37 (3.11)

27 (2.42)

14 (3.39)

38 (2.65)

15 (3.06)

16 (1.82)

8 (2.79)

Former drinker

355 (10.37)

125 (10.56)

110 (9.87)

44 (10.68)

165 (11.50)

52 (10.68)

80 (9.15)

29 (10.18)

First pregnancy

1589 (46.25)

662 (55.21)*

536 (47.94)

257 (64.34)*

638 (44.34)

254 (51.52)

415 (47.21)

151 (52.61)

Previous thyroid disease

290 (8.44)

217 (18.10)*

104 (9.30)

95 (22.67)*

120 (8.34)

84 (17.04)*

66 (7.51)

38 (13.24)*

Consumed iodine-rich food in the past 3 months

2747 (79.95)

923 (76.98)*

858 (76.74)

298 (71.12)*

1175 (81.65)

388 (78.70)

714 (81.23)

237 (82.58)

Consumed iodized nutritional supplements in the past 3 months

481 (14.00)

237 (19.77)*

145 (12.97)

64 (15.27)*

200 (13.90)

100 (20.28)*

136 (15.47)

73 (25.44)*

UIC, μg/L

141.00 (83.38–221.35)

129.53 (74.01–209.08)*

146.90 (85.80–234.17)

151.15 (89.80–239.17)

141.18 (87.44–218.70)

125.00 (70.56–212.57)*

129.17 (71.78–203.36)

111.51 (58.66–168.35)*

Hypothyroidism

91 (2.67)

30 (2.44)

27 (2.47)

13 (2.91)

40 (2.76)

7 (1.44)

24 (2.77)

10 (3.34)

TPOAb(+)

439 (12.89)

253 (20.57)*

136 (12.47)

93 (20.85)*

182 (12.58)

108 (22.27)*

121 (13.96)

52 (17.39)

TgAb(+)

305 (8.96)

140 (11.38)

123 (11.27)

70 (15.70)

122 (8.43)

49 (10.10)

60 (6.94)

21 (7.02)

TRAb(+)

505 (14.90)

201 (16.57)

152 (13.94)

77 (17.58)

223 (15.43)

84 (17.36)

130 (15.22)

40 (13.75)

TPOAb/TgAb/TRAb(+)

995 (29.22)

444 (36.10)*

305 (27.96)

160 (35.87)*

430 (29.22)

187 (38.56)*

260 (29.99)

97 (32.44)

TPOAb(+)(without previous thyroid disease)

376 (12.00)

173 (17.40)*

107 (10.71)

53 (15.63)*

163 (12.24)

79 (19.95)*

106 (13.20)

41 (15.83)

TgAb(+) (without previous thyroid disease)

259 (8.27)

83 (8.35)

102 (10.21)

38 (11.21)

104 (7.81)

30 (7.58)

53 (6.61)

15 (5.79)

TRAb(+) (without previous thyroid disease)

467 (14.97)

166 (16.89)

143 (14.31)

60 (17.86)

202 (15.19)

73 (18.48)

122 (15.44)

33 (13.10)

TPOAb/TgAb/TRAb(+)(without previous thyroid disease)

890 (28.40)

335 (33.70)*

270 (27.03)

110 (32.45)

386 (28.98)

145 (36.62)*

234 (29.14)

80 (30.89)

  1. Data are summarized as the median values (inter-quartile range) for continuous variables, or as numbers with proportions for categorical variables. Urine iodine concentration, UIC
  2. *p < 0.05 versus the iodized salt group