Table 4 The relationships between maternal feeding practices and toddlers’ fruit and vegetable contribution to total diet, by univariate analyses (n = 193)
Variables | All participants | Vegetable a | Fruit b | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low contribution | High contribution | χ2/t | P | Low contribution | High contribution | χ2/t | P | ||
n (%) | n (%) | ||||||||
Breastfeeding duration | |||||||||
< =4 weeks | 115 | 79(65.3) | 36(50.0) | 4.382 | 0.036 | 76(67.9) | 39(48.1) | 7.582 | 0.006 |
> 4 weeks | 78 | 42(34.7) | 36(50.0) | 36(32.1) | 42(51.9) | ||||
Child’s age of weaning onto solid | |||||||||
< =16 weeks | 119 | 80(66.1) | 39(55.7) | 2.043 | 0.153 | 75(68.2) | 44(54.3) | 3.816 | 0.051 |
> 16 weeks | 72 | 41(33.9) | 31(44.3) | 35(31.8) | 37(45.7) | ||||
Does the child usually eat with family members? | |||||||||
No, not usually | 19 | 16(13.2) | 3(4.2) | 4.171 | 0.041 | 9(8.0) | 10(12.3) | 0.984 | 0.321 |
Yes, most of the time | 174 | 105(86.8) | 69(95.8) | 103(92.0) | 71(87.7) | ||||
If your child refuses to eat, you tend to | |||||||||
Take it away | |||||||||
No | 106 | 68(58.6) | 38(57.6) | 0.019 | 0.891 | 63(57.8) | 43(58.9) | 0.022 | 0.882 |
Yes | 76 | 48(41.4) | 28(42.4) | 46(42.2) | 30(41.1) | ||||
Coax her/him to eat | |||||||||
No | 56 | 34(30.1) | 22(33.3) | 0.204 | 0.651 | 38(35.5) | 18(25.0) | 2.213 | 0.137 |
Yes | 123 | 79(69.9) | 44(66.7) | 69(64.5) | 54(75.0) | ||||
Punish her/him for not eating c | |||||||||
No | 175 | 111(97.4) | 64(100.0) | 0.493 | 0.483 | 103(98.1) | 72(98.6) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
Yes | 3 | 3(2.6) | 0(0) | 2(1.9) | 1(1.4) | ||||
Not worry too much about it | |||||||||
No | 60 | 41(35.0) | 19(28.4) | 0.866 | 0.352 | 38(35.8) | 22(28.2) | 1.195 | 0.274 |
Yes | 124 | 76(65.0) | 48(71.6) | 68(64.2) | 56(71.8) | ||||
If your child is slow to eat or finish a meal, do you try to distract her/him during eating (e.g. playing aeroplanes, watching TV, etc.)? | |||||||||
Never | 50 | 32(26.7) | 18(25.0) | 4.664 | 0.097 | 26(23.2) | 24(30.0) | 2.056 | 0.358 |
Sometimes | 110 | 63(52.5) | 47(65.3) | 69(61.6) | 41(51.2) | ||||
Quite often/Almost all the time | 32 | 25(20.8) | 7(9.7) | 17(15.2) | 15(18.8) | ||||