Table 3 The relationships between maternal feeding practices and toddlers’ fruit and vegetable intakes, by univariate analyses (n = 193)
Variables | All participants | Vegetable a | Fruit b | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low intake | High intake | χ2/t | P | Low intake | High intake | χ2/t | P | ||
n (%) | n (%) | ||||||||
Breastfeeding duration | |||||||||
< =4 weeks | 115 | 60(66.7) | 55(53.4) | 3.512 | 0.061 | 72(68.6) | 43(48.9) | 7.722 | 0.005 |
> 4 weeks | 78 | 30(33.3) | 48(46.6) | 33(31.4) | 45(51.1) | ||||
Child’s age of weaning onto solid | |||||||||
< =16 weeks | 119 | 56(62.2) | 63(62.4) | 0.000 | 0.983 | 68(66.0) | 51(58.0) | 1.314 | 0.252 |
> 16 weeks | 72 | 34(37.8) | 38(37.6) | 35(34.0) | 37(42.0) | ||||
Does the child usually eat with family members? | |||||||||
No, not usually | 19 | 15(16.7) | 4(3.9) | 8.843 | 0.003 | 13(12.4) | 6(6.8) | 1.669 | 0.196 |
Yes, most of the time | 174 | 75(83.3) | 99(96.1) | 92(87.6) | 82(93.2) | ||||
If your child refuses to eat, you tend to | |||||||||
Take it away | |||||||||
No | 106 | 54(62.1) | 52(54.7) | 1.004 | 0.316 | 59(59.0) | 47(57.3) | 0.052 | 0.819 |
Yes | 76 | 33(37.9) | 43(45.3) | 41(41.0) | 35(42.7) | ||||
Coax her/him to eat | |||||||||
No | 56 | 27(31.4) | 29(31.2) | 0.001 | 0.976 | 36(36.7) | 20(24.7) | 2.992 | 0.084 |
Yes | 123 | 59(68.6) | 64(68.8) | 62(63.3) | 61(75.3) | ||||
Punish her/him for not eating c | |||||||||
No | 175 | 83(96.5) | 92(100.0) | 1.499 | 0.221 | 94(97.9) | 81(98.8) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
Yes | 3 | 3(3.5) | 0(0) | 2(2.1) | 1(1.2) | ||||
Not worry too much about it | |||||||||
No | 60 | 36(40.9) | 24(25.0) | 5.288 | 0.021 | 36(36.4) | 24(28.2) | 1.375 | 0.241 |
Yes | 124 | 52(59.1) | 72(75.0) | 63(63.6) | 61(71.8) | ||||
If your child is slow to eat or finish a meal, do you try to distract her/him during eating (e.g. playing aeroplanes, watching TV, etc.)? | |||||||||
Never | 50 | 22(24.4) | 28(27.5) | 3.767 | 0.152 | 23(21.9) | 27(31.0) | 2.103 | 0.349 |
Sometimes | 110 | 48(53.3) | 62(60.8) | 63(60.0) | 47(54.0) | ||||
Quite often/Almost all the time | 32 | 20(22.2) | 12(11.8) | 19(18.1) | 13(14.9) | ||||