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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 405 participants stratified by quartiles of vitamin K status

From: High vitamin K status is prospectively associated with decreased left ventricular mass in women: the Hoorn Study

 

Quartiles of dp-ucMGP (pmol/L)

 

Total population

Quartile 1

Quartile 2

Quartile 3

Quartile 4a

Dp-ucMGP (pmol/ xl)

(min-max)

578±410

97-4608

258±70

97-366

432±41

366-507

597±56

508-697

1047±581

680-4608

n

405

102

103

102

98

Age (years)d

66.8±6.1

64.5±6.7

66.2±6.1

69.0±5.7

67.7±4.9

Male sex (%)d

50.9

56.9

59.2

47.1

39.8

Highb education (%)

22.0

22.5

27.2

19.2

19.8

Current smoking (%)

12.3

17.6

13.6

9.9

8.2

Physical activity (h/week)

22.5±17.0

22.2±15.7

24.0±19.8

21.5±17.3

22.1±14.8

Type 2 diabetes (%)

30.1

34.3

27.5

27.7

32.0

Previous CVD (%)

42.5

42.9

35.3

53.1

44.2

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)d

139±394

134±20

139±17

142±19

143±20

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.7±1.0

5.6±1.1

5.7±1.0

5.8±0.9

5.8±1.1

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.4±0.4

1.4±0.4

1.4±0.4

1.4±0.4

1.4±0.4

HbA1c (%)

6.0 ±0.8

5.9 ±0.7

6.0 ±0.8

6.0 ±0.7

6.1 ±0.8

BMI (kg/m2)d

27.3±3.5

26.3±3.2

27.4±3.9

27.4±3.2

28.3±3.3

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)d

63.7±10.2

68.1±10.3

64.1±9.5

61.8±10.5

60.6±8.7

Echocardiographic measures

 LVMI (g/m2.7)d

40.3±11.3

38.5±11.4

39.2±9.1

41.0±11.4

42.9±12.7

 Ejection fraction (%)

62.0±8.0

61.4±7.3

62.6±7.6

60.8±8.8

63.3±8.0

 LAVI (mL/m2)d

24.7±7.9

24.5±6.3

22.9±5.7

25.0±7.2

26.4±11.1

 BNP (pg/mL)d

0.5 [0.2, 0.9]

0.4 [0.2, 0.7]

0.3 [0.2, 0.7]

0.7 [0.4, 1.1]

0.6 [0.3, 0.9]

Dietary intake

 Energy (kcal/day)

1980±508

1970±528

2056±512

2016±490

1875±489

 Saturated fat (g/day)c

31.0±6.4

30.4±5.0

32.3±7.0

30.4±7.2

31.2±6.0

 Protein (g/day)c,d

73.3±11.1

74.8±12.6

75.0±10.0

72.2±10.8

71.3±10.4

 Fiber (g/day)c,d

24.3±4.7

25.3±4.7

24.0±4.5

24.6±4.4

23.2±4.9

 Vitamin C (mg/day)c

107±42.1

109±43.8

105±36.4

109±41.4

107±46.9

 Calcium (mg/day)c

1058±297

1065±333

1065±293

1073±281

1028±281

 Alcohol (g/day)

7.2 [1.1-18.0]

6.9 [1.0-12.1]

8.2 [1.7-18.1]

7.5 [1.1-18.2]

5.9 [0.7-22.7]

 Vitamin K1 (mg/day)c

185±75.8

189±76.9

192±69.8

184±83.1

172±72.2

 Vitamin K2 (mg/day)c

35.4±13.6

37.7±16.4

35.6 ±12.2

33.2±13.1

35.0±12.1

 Total vitamin K (mg/day)c

220±77.9

227±79.7

227±71.2

218±85.0

207±74.3

 Short-chain vit K2 (mg/day)c

22.6±7.5

23.0±8.4

23.9±7.1

21.1±7.6

22.6±6.8

 Long-chain vit K2 (mg/day)c

12.2±10.5

14.1±13.3

11.2 ±9.6

11.6 ±8.7

11.8±9.5

  1. Values represent mean values and standard deviation, percentages or median (interquartile range)
  2. aQuartile 4 indicates the highest dp-ucMGP concentration and therefore reflects the lowest vitamin K status
  3. bHigh education indicates tertiary education
  4. cEnergy-adjusted intakes
  5. dp<0.05 between quartiles of vitamin K status
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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