Table 2 Logistic regression analysis for the relationship between diet quality indices and the risk of hypertension in the whole population (N = 10,112), males (N = 4565), and females (N = 5547)

MDS

Quartile 1

1

1

1

Quartile 2

0.94 (0.83–1.06)

0.35

0.97 (0.85–1.11)

0.73

1.03 (0.90–1.18)

0.63

Quartile 3

0.80 (0.71–0.91)

0.001

0.81 (0.71–0.93)

0.003

0.88 (0.77–1.01)

0.08

Quartile 4

0.79 (0.70–0.89)

≤0.001

0.76 (0.67–0.87)

≤0.001

0.86 (0.75–0.99)

0.03

P -trend

≤0.001

≤0.001

0.03

HEI-2015

Quartile 1

1

1

1

Quartile 2

0.53 (0.47–0.60)

≤0.001

0.83 (0.73–0.95)

0.007

0.91 (0.79–1.04)

0.17

Quartile 3

0.62 (0.55–0.69)

≤0.001

0.72 (0.63–0.81)

≤0.001

0.80 (0.70–0.91)

0.001

Quartile 4

0.75 (0.66–0.85)

≤0.001

0.66 (0.58–0.75)

≤0.001

0.79 (0.68–0.90)

0.001

P -trend

≤0.001

≤0.001

≤0.001

DDS

Quartile 1

1

1

1

Quartile 2

0.91 (0.81–1.03)

0.15

1.01 (0.89–1.15)

0.78

0.97 (0.84–1.11)

0.65

Quartile 3

0.95 (0.84–1.08)

0.49

1.08 (0.94–1.23)

0.25

0.95 (0.82–1.09)

0.48

Quartile 4

0.86 (0.75–0.99)

0.04

1.07 (0.92–1.24)

0.37

0.93 (0.79–1.09)

0.39

P -trend

0.19

0.65

0.84

DQI-I

Quartile 1

1

1

1

Quartile 2

0.83 (0.62–1.13)

0.25

0.87 (0.64–1.18)

0.39

0.86 (0.63–1.18)

0.37

Quartile 3

0.80 (0.57–1.11)

0.19

0.83 (0.60–1.17)

0.29

0.87 (0.62–1.24)

0.46

Quartile 4

0.76 (0.53–1.09)

0.14

0.83 (0.57–1.19)

0.31

0.90 (0.61–1.31)

0.58

P -trend

0.41

0.67

0.81

Males

MDS

Quartile 1

1

1

1

Quartile 2

0.92 (0.75–1.13)

0.47

0.94 (0.76–1.17)

0.61

0.99 (0.79–1.24)

0.97

Quartile 3

0.82 (0.67–1.01)

0.06

0.80 (0.64–0.99)

0.04

0.88 (0.71–1.11)

0.30

Quartile 4

0.77 (0.63–0.93)

0.01

0.72 (0.58–0.89)

0.002

0.88 (0.70–1.09)

0.25

P -trend

0.04

0.008

0.50

HEI-2015

Quartile 1

1

1

1

Quartile 2

0.71 (0.58–0.87)

0.001

0.78 (0.63–0.96)

0.01

0.89 (0.72–1.11)

0.33

Quartile 3

0.52 (0.42–0.63)

≤0.001

0.60 (0.49–0.74)

0.001

0.75 (0.60–0.93)

0.009

Quartile 4

0.48 (0.39–0.59)

≤0.001

0.59 (0.48–0.73)

0.001

0.80 (0.64–0.99)

0.05

P -trend

≤0.001

≤0.001

0.05

DDS

Quartile 1

1

1

1

Quartile 2

1.02 (0.82–1.28)

0.82

1.07 (0.87–1.39)

0.39

0.99 (0.77–1.27)

0.96

Quartile 3

1.19 (0.95–1.49)

0.11

1.26 (0.99–1.60)

0.06

1.05 (0.82–1.34)

0.69

Quartile 4

1.08 (0.86–1.37)

0.47

1.25 (0.98–1.59)

0.06

1.00 (0.77–1.30)

0.97

P -trend

0.35

0.16

0.95

DQI-I

Quartile 1

1

1

1

Quartile 2

0.72 (0.42–1.21)

0.22

0.81 (0.47–1.40)

0.46

0.81 (0.45–1.46)

0.49

Quartile 3

0.50 (0.27–0.92)

0.02

0.54 (0.29–1.01)

0.06

0.68 (0.34–1.35)

0.27

Quartile 4

0.69 (0.34–1.39)

0.30

0.81 (0.39–1.68)

0.58

0.96 (0.42–2.20)

0.94

P -trend

0.16

0.30

0.70

Females

MDS

Quartile 1

1

1

1

Quartile 2

0.98 (0.84–1.14)

0.81

0.99 (0.84–1.17)

0.98

1.05 (0.89–1.25)

0.51

Quartile 3

0.82 (0.70–0.96)

0.01

0.83 (0.70–0.98)

0.03

0.89 (0.75–1.07)

0.22

Quartile 4

0.86 (0.73–1.01)

0.06

0.80 (0.68–0.95)

0.01

0.87 (0.73–1.04)

0.14

P -trend

0.04

0.01

0.13

HEI-2015

Quartile 1

1

1

1

Quartile 2

0.79 (0.68–0.92)

≤0.001

0.87 (0.74–1.03)

0.11

0.92 (0.75–1.09)

0.35

Quartile 3

0.72 (0.62–0.84)

≤0.001

0.80 (0.67–0.94)

0.008

0.84 (0.71–1.008)

0.06

Quartile 4

0.60 (0.51–0.70)

≤0.001

0.71 (0.60–0.83)

0.001

0.78 (0.66–0.94)

0.008

P -trend

0.004

0.001

0.04

DDS

Quartile 1

1

1

1

Quartile 2

0.91 (0.79–1.06)

0.24

1.04 (0.89–1.22)

0.58

0.99 (0.84–1.18)

0.99

Quartile 3

0.88 (0.75–1.03)

0.13

1.05 (0.88–1.24)

0.56

0.93 (0.78–1.12)

0.47

Quartile 4

0.79 (0.66–0.96)

0.01

1.08 (0.88–1.32)

0.45

0.92 (0.74–1.14)

0.45

P -trend

0.11

0.88

0.80

DQI-I

Quartile 1

1

1

1

Quartile 2

0.89 (0.61–1.28)

0.54

0.91 (0.62–1.31)

0.61

0.89 (0.60–1.30)

0.56

Quartile 3

0.94 (0.63–1.40)

0.78

0.97 (0.64–1.45)

0.88

1.00 (0.66–1.52)

0.97

Quartile 4

0.77 (0.50–1.18)

0.24

0.82 (0.53–1.26)

0.37

0.86 (0.55–1.33)

0.50

P -trend

0.69

0.81

0.84