From: Association between healthy lifestyle score and breast cancer
Groups | Healthy Lifestyle Score | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases (n = 350) | Controls (n = 700) | 1 (n = 185) | 2 (n = 455) | 3(n = 410) | |||
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | P* | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | P* | |
Total energy (kcal/d) | 2495 ± 793 | 2178 ± 608 | < 0.001 | 2196.9 ± 700.1 | 2288 ± 721 | 2321 ± 653 | 0.126 |
Micronutrients | |||||||
Vitamin A (IU/d) | 3277 ± 2941 | 3093 ± 2555 | 0.297 | 2160 ± 1731 | 2968 ± 2534 | 3810 ± 3027 | < 0.001 |
Vitamin D (IU/d) | 53 ± 242 | 33 ± 51 | 0.145 | 21 ± 27 | 50 ± 216 | 38 ± 47 | 0.078 |
Vitamin E (IU/d) | 7 ± 3 | 6 ± 3 | 0.008 | 6 ± 3 | 6 ± 3 | 7 ± 4 | < 0.001 |
Vitamin C (mg/d) | 69 ± 45 | 58 ± 38 | < 0.001 | 49 ± 37 | 59 ± 38 | 71 ± 43 | < 0.001 |
Vitamin B6 (mg/d) | 2 ± 1 | 2 ± 0.5 | 0.052 | 1 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 |
Folate (mcg/d) | 601 ± 206 | 580 ± 189 | 0.103 | 560 ± 180 | 585 ± 202 | 602 ± 191 | 0.053 |
Vitamin B12 (mcg/d) | 3 ± 3 | 2.6 ± 2 | 0.056 | 2 ± 3 | 3 ± 2 | 3 ± 2 | 0.001 |
Potassium (mg/d) | 3071 ± 1128 | 2850 ± 818 | 0.001 | 2669 ± 882 | 2895 ± 990 | 3069 ± 876 | < 0.001 |
Calcium (mg/d) | 821 ± 331 | 736 ± 276 | < 0.001 | 643 ± 276 | 761 ± 309 | 824 ± 279 | < 0.001 |
Zinc (mg/d) | 10.5 ± 3 | 10 ± 3 | 0.017 | 9 ± 3 | 10 ± 3 | 11 ± 3 | < 0.001 |
Copper (mg/d) | 2 ± 1 | 2 ± 0.5 | 0.086 | 1.6 ± 1 | 1.7 ± 1 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 0.002 |
Selenium (mcg/d) | 148 ± 52 | 146 ± 52 | 0.493 | 135 ± 51 | 145 ± 54 | 153 ± 51 | < 0.001 |
Iron (mg/d) | 18 ± 6 | 17 ± 5 | 0.009 | 16 ± 5 | 17 ± 6 | 18 ± 5 | 0.001 |
Magnesium (mg/d) | 472 ± 156 | 442 ± 141 | 0.002 | 428 ± 145 | 449 ± 153 | 466 ± 139 | 0.010 |
Food Groups | |||||||
Carbohydrates (g/d) | 340 ± 123 | 306 ± 97 | < 0.001 | 318 ± 112 | 317 ± 113 | 317 ± 99 | 0.994 |
Proteins (g/d) | 79 ± 30 | 77 ± 28 | 0.381 | 66 ± 25 | 77 ± 31 | 84 ± 26 | < 0.001 |
Red and processed meat (g/d) | 13 ± 201 | 10 ± 12 | 0.002 | 8 ± 10 | 11 ± 15 | 12 ± 18 | 0.006 |
White meat (g/d) | 71 ± 90 | 74 ± 68 | 0.478 | 52 ± 59 | 72 ± 89 | 84 ± 63 | < 0.001 |
Egg (g/d) | 13 ± 19 | 10 ± 12 | 0.050 | 10 ± 17 | 10 ± 15 | 12 ± 14 | 0.097 |
Salt (g/d) | 3.5 ± 3 | 2.7 ± 2 | < 0.001 | 3.5 ± 3 | 3.1 ± 3 | 2.6 ± 2 | < 0.001 |
Fats (g/d) | 99 ± 42 | 78 ± 28 | < 0.001 | 80 ± 35 | 85 ± 37 | 86 ± 32 | 0.109 |
Saturated fats (g/d) | 44 ± 33 | 26 ± 20 | < 0.001 | 35 ± 23 | 34 ± 30 | 28 ± 23 | < 0.001 |
Monounsaturated fats (MUFAs) (g/d) | 21 ± 9 | 20 ± 8 | 0.011 | 18 ± 8 | 20 ± 8 | 22 ± 8 | < 0.001 |
Polyunsaturated fats (PUFAs) (g/d) | 9 ± 4 | 10 ± 8 | < 0.001 | 8 ± 5 | 9 ± 5 | 12 ± 9 | < 0.001 |
Trans FA (g/d) | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.004 |
Cholesterol (mg/d) | 205 ± 134 | 182 ± 97 | 0.005 | 152 ± 105 | 184 ± 113 | 212 ± 107 | < 0.001 |
Sugar sweetened beverages (g/d) | 40 ± 83 | 22 ± 28 | < 0.001 | 33 ± 63 | 28 ± 52 | 25 ± 52 | 0.265 |
Total fiber (g/d) | 23 ± 8 | 22 ± 8 | 0.328 | 20 ± 7 | 22 ± 8 | 24 ± 8 | < 0.001 |
HEI-2010 Food Groups | |||||||
Fruit Juice (g/d) | 1 ± 3 | 2 ± 4 | 0.002 | 1 ± 1 | 1 ± 3 | 2 ± 4 | < 0.001 |
Whole Fruit (g/d) | 215 ± 195 | 140 ± 122 | < 0.001 | 133 ± 148 | 154 ± 146 | 191 ± 162 | < 0.001 |
Total Vegetables (g/d) | 69 ± 67 | 87 ± 75 | < 0.001 | 53 ± 43 | 75 ± 76 | 99 ± 75 | < 0.001 |
Sea food (g/d) | 12 ± 51 | 6 ± 12 | 0.066 | 3 ± 7 | 10 ± 44 | 8 ± 17 | 0.023 |
Total Protein (g/d) | 85 ± 74 | 89 ± 69 | 0.430 | 69 ± 62 | 84 ± 77 | 101 ± 65 | < 0.001 |
Legumes (g/d) | 13 ± 13 | 15 ± 16 | 0.032 | 11 ± 9 | 14 ± 12 | 17 ± 19 | < 0.001 |
Dairy (g/d) | 257 ± 174 | 219 ± 143 | < 0.001 | 177 ± 140 | 234 ± 166 | 253 ± 143 | < 0.001 |
Whole grains (g/d) | 325 ± 150 | 313 ± 157 | 0.197 | 311 ± 150 | 313 ± 157 | 323 ± 154 | 0.563 |
Refined grains (g/d) | 115 ± 86 | 115 ± 74 | 0.887 | 115 ± 71 | 120 ± 83 | 109 ± 76 | 0.151 |
Sodium (mg/d) | 4979 ± 1867 | 4795 ± 1711 | 0.123 | 4839 ± 1758 | 4834 ± 1753 | 4890 ± 1787 | 0.889 |
FA ratio | 1 ± 0.4 | 1 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 | 1 ± 0.4 | 1 ± 0.4 | 1 ± 1 | < 0.001 |
Empty calories (kcal/d) | 149 ± 132 | 83 ± 56 | < 0.001 | 127 ± 124 | 106 ± 88 | 95 ± 84 | 0.001 |