Sustainable and acceptable school meals through optimization analysis: an intervention study

Nutrition Journal

Table 2 Greenhouse gas emissions (CO₂eq), cost, average relative deviation, and nutritional adequacy per meal in the baseline food list, optimized food list, planned (new) menu and served (delivered) menu in the three schools

Parameter		Baseline list	Optimized list	Planned menu	Delivered School 1	Delivered School 2	Delivered School 3
CO₂eq, average per meal	g	829	497	496	482	501	498
CO₂eq, average per meal	% change	na	−40.0	−40.2%	−41.9%	−39.6%	−39.9%
Cost, average per meal	SEK	11.3	10.01	9.76	10.50	10.01	9.76
Cost, average per meal	% change	na	−11%	−14%	−7%	− 11%	−14%
Average relative deviation (ARD) (ARD	%	na	15.2	16.2	16.9	19.7	16.4
Energy	%^Target	100	100	97*	98*	98*	97*
Carbohydrates	%^Lower	96	102	96	96	99	96
Carbohydrates	%^Upper	75	79	76	77	79	77
Fat	%^Lower	148	139	137	140	137	137
Fat	%^Upper	96	90	91	93	90	91
Protein	%^Lower	166	159	156	160	159	156
Fiber	%^Lower	150	179	170	168	171	169
Saturated fatty acids	%^Upper	107*	85	86	88	86	86
Monounsaturated fatty acids	%^Lower	171	166	165	169	164	165
Poly unsaturated fatty acids	%^Lower	147	147	146	147	145	146
Vitamin A	%^RI	231	150	147	146	149	147
Vitamin D	%^RI	149	148	145	144	145	145
Vitamin E	%^RI	266	267	262	263	265	262
Thiamine	%^RI	153	156	150	150	152	150
Riboflavin	%^RI	123	113	110	113	112	110
Vitamin C	%^RI	303	259	211	208	228	211
Niacin	%^RI	135	133	117	119	130	117
Vitamin B6	%^RI	178	175	155	156	165	155
Vitamin B12	%^RI	238	192	189	193	191	189
Folate	%^RI	257	282	268	267	268	268
Phosphor	%^RI	279	268	261	265	266	260
Iodine	%^RI	254	251	240	237	243	241
Iron	%^RI	90*	100	97*	99*	97*	96*
Calcium	%^RI	138	113	112	113	112	113
Potassium	%^RI	130	131	118	118	122	117
Magnesium	%^RI	138	149	141	141	143	140
Salt	%^Upper	74	69	72	76	72	73
Selenium	%^RI	108	100	99*	101	102	99*
Zink	%^RI	106	100	98*	99*	98*	98*

*Deviation from energy target for a school lunch (30% of daily estimated energy requirement), from the recommended intake (RI) for a school lunch (30% of daily RIs), or from recommended lower or upper intake levels for a school (30% of daily recommended lower or upper intake level)
%^Target, the relative coverage of the energy target for a school lunch
%^RI, the relative coverage of the RIs for a school lunch
%^Lower, the relative coverage of the recommended lower intake level for a school lunch
%^Upper, the relative coverage of the recommended upper intake level for a school lunch
SEK = Swedish Krona
na = not applicable

ISSN: 1475-2891