Table 2 Anthropometric characteristics throughout combined intervention in boys with obesity (M ± SD)
With BMI status improvement (n = 42) | With no BMI status improvement (n = 44) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | 12 mo | 24 mo | P-value* | Baseline | 12 mo | 24 mo | P-value* | |
Age (y) | 12.0 ± 1.8 | 12.9 ± 1.9 | 14.0 ± 1.9 | 0.001 | 11.8 ± 1.3 | 12.8 ± 1.3 | 13.6 ± 1.5 | 0.001 |
Weight (kg) | 72.3 ± 18.3 | 73.4 ± 18.7 | 72.7 ± 18.5 | 0.393 | 73.9 ± 15.6 | 82.7 ± 17.9 | 89.8 ± 16.9 | 0.001 |
Weight z-score | 3.1 ± 1.5 | 2.9 ± 1.4 | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 0.007 | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 3.7 ± 1.3 | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 0.730 |
Height (cm) | 158 ± 14.5 | 163.1 ± 13.7 | 167.3 ± 12.4 | 0.037 | 156.5 ± 11.1 | 162.6 ± 10.8 | 168.3 ± 11.3 | 0.001 |
Height z-score | 0.7 ± 1.4 | 0.6 ± 1.1 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 0.746 | 0.7 ± 1.1 | 0.8 ± 1.2 | 0.8 ± 1.1 | 0.228 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 29.1 ± 4.1 | 29.1 ± 5.2 | 27.5 ± 5.1 | 0.513 | 29.8 ± 3.3 | 30.9 ± 3.5 | 32.5 ± 3.7 | 0.002 |
BMI z-score | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 3.0 ± 1.4 | 2.4 ± 1.2 | 0.006 | 3.4 ± 0.91 | 3.8 ± 1.1 | 3.9 ± 1.1 | 0.037 |
Waist (cm) | 96.1 ± 13.3 | 96.9 ± 13.1 | 94.5 ± 12.1 | 0.944 | 96.5 ± 8.4 | 100 ± .8.8 | 103.6 ± .9.2 | 0.011 |
Waist z-score | 2.8 ± 1.2 | 2.6 ± 1.1 | 2.4 ± 1.4 | 0.332 | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 0.016 |
WtHR | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.082 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.653 |
Skinfold thickness | ||||||||
Biceps z-score | 2.8 ± 1.2 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.1 ± 1.3 | 0.001 | 2.8 ± 1.3 | 2.8 ± 0,9 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 0.418 |
Triceps z.score | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 0.001 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 0.438 |
Subescapular z-score | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 0.001 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 3.4 ± 1.1 | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 0.526 |
Suprailiac z-score | 3.9 ± 1.1 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 1.3 | 0.002 | 4.5 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 0.8 | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 0.612 |
Body fat (%) | 36.7 ± 3.7 | 35.3 ± 3.2 | 31.8 ± 5.1 | 0.001 | 37.7 ± 3.8 | 38.3 ± 2.5 | 39.7 ± 2.4 | 0.003 |
FMI (kg/m2) | 10.8 ± 1.6 | 10.3 ± 1.7 | 9.1 ± 1.8 | 0.006 | 10.6 ± 1.3 | 11.4 ± 1.6 | 12.6 ± 1.4 | 0.009 |
FFMI (kg/m2) | 18.2 ± 2.9 | 18.7 ± 2.9 | 19.2 ± 2.4 | 0.012 | 18.4 ± 2.3 | 19.7 ± 2.5 | 19.5 ± 2.6 | 0.043 |