Validation of a food frequency questionnaire as a tool for assessing dietary intake in cardiovascular disease research and surveillance in Bangladesh

Table 6 Level of biomarkers and correlation between FFQ-derived estimates and corresponding biomarkers

FFQ-estimated daily dietary intakes	Biomarkers	Levels of biomarkers		Total		Urban		Rural		Men		Women
FFQ-estimated daily dietary intakes	Biomarkers	Mean (±SD)	Median (Q1; Q3)	Unadjusted	Energy adjusted	Unadjusted	Energy adjusted	Unadjusted	Energy adjusted	Unadjusted	Energy adjusted	Unadjusted	Energy adjusted
Vitamin D (μg)	Serum 25 (OH) vitamin- D (ng/ml)	64.13 (±29.98)	58 (42; 82)	0.201*	−0.018	0.095	0.087	−0.012	0.139	−0.086	− 0.242	0.432**	0.193
Vitamin B9 (μg)	Serum folate (ng/ml)	9.73 (±4.77)	7.89 (6.18; 12.80)	−0.053	0.189*	0.323*	0.139	0.169	0.316**	−0.089	0.229	0.020	0.134
Iron (mg)	Serum ferritin (ng/ml)	50.90 (±38.52)	40.30 (25.60; 61.60)	0.247**	0.003	0.163	−0.165	0.060	0.204	0.194	0.255*	0.249*	−0.170
Iron (mg)	Hemoglobin (g/dl)	11.47 (±1.94)	11.20 (9.92; 12.80)	−0.426**	0.082	0.396**	−0.215	0.247*	−0.034	−0.344**	0.209	−0.568**	0.157
Fat (g)	Serum triglyceride (mg/dl)	144.32 (±113.92)	110 (81; 156)	0.162	−0.059	0.103	0.161	0.085	0.017	−0.020	−0.168	0.174	−0.007
Sodium (mg)	Urine sodium (mmol/L)	140.65 (±53.71)	135 (103; 168)	0.322**	0.227**	0.178	0.224	0.245*	0.204	0.380**	0.224	0.329**	0.236*
Potassium (mg)	Urine potassium (mmol/L)	45.56 (±18.37)	45.56 (33; 54)	0.005	0.05	0.131	0.015	0.040	0.035	0.066	−0.003	0.050	0.008
Total Protein (g)	Urine creatinine (mg/dl)	106.97 (±92.95)	78 (36; 136)	−0.186*	0.013	0.058	−0.042	0.063	0.054	−0.124	0.031	−0.230*	0.019

Results are expressed as mean (±SD) and median (Q1;Q3); Correlation was performed between Last FFQ & biomarkers

ISSN: 1475-2891