Fig. 4
![Fig. 4](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs12937-019-0497-4/MediaObjects/12937_2019_497_Fig4_HTML.png)
Energy expenditure due to thermogenesis of preload shakes, adjusted for baseline BMR and gender (n = 48). EE, energy expenditure; Female-CS, females on carbohydrate shake; Female-PS, females on protein shake; Male-CS, males on carbohydrate shake; Male-PS, males on protein shake; RMR, resting metabolic rate; TEF, thermic effect of food