Table 2 General characteristics of the study participants according to the four dietary pattern scores
From: Dietary pattern, dietary total antioxidant capacity, and dyslipidemia in Korean adults
Rice & Kimchi | Oil, sweets, fish & other vegetables | Red meat & alcohol | Grain, bean, nuts, vegetables & fruits | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 |
Sex | ||||||||||||
Male | 3182 (32.2) | 4234 (42.9) | 4490 (45.5)*** | 3503 (35.5) | 4055 (41.1) | 4348 (44.0)*** | 3267 (33.1) | 3536 (35.8) | 5103 (51.7)*** | 4795 (48.6) | 3986 (40.4) | 3125 (31.7)*** |
Age (yr) | ||||||||||||
19–29 | 2091 (21.2) | 932 (9.4) | 369 (3.7)*** | 880 (8.9) | 1091 (11.1) | 1421 (14.4)*** | 897 (9.1) | 941 (9.5) | 1554 (15.7)*** | 1381 (14.0) | 1164 (11.8) | 847 (8.6)*** |
30–49 | 4512 (45.7) | 4061 (41.1) | 2580 (26.1) | 2680 (27.1) | 3843 (38.9) | 4630 (46.9) | 3441 (34.9) | 3524 (35.7) | 4188 (42.4) | 4298 (43.5) | 3646 (36.9) | 3209 (32.5) |
50–64 | 2163 (21.9) | 2883 (29.2) | 3009 (30.5) | 2903 (29.4) | 2744 (27.8) | 2408 (24.4) | 2768 (28.0) | 2742 (27.8) | 2545 (25.8) | 2170 (22.0) | 2656 (26.9) | 3229 (32.7) |
65+ | 1108 (11.2) | 1999 (20.2) | 3917 (39.7) | 3411 (34.6) | 2197 (22.3) | 1416 (14.3) | 2768 (28.0) | 2668 (27.0) | 1588 (16.1) | 2025 (20.5) | 2409 (24.4) | 2590 (26.2) |
Household income1 | ||||||||||||
Low | 1156 (11.9) | 1742 (17.9) | 3069 (31.8)*** | 2749 (28.5) | 1879 (19.4) | 1339 (13.8)*** | 2242 (23.1) | 2178 (22.5) | 1547 (15.9)*** | 1992 (20.6) | 2024 (20.9) | 1951 (20.1)*** |
Middle-low | 2254 (23.2) | 2445 (25.1) | 2679 (27.8) | 2560 (26.5) | 2496 (25.7) | 2322 (23.9) | 2529 (26.1) | 2423 (25.0) | 2426 (24.9) | 2551 (26.3) | 2510 (25.9) | 2317 (23.8) |
Middle-high | 2992 (30.8) | 2790 (28.7) | 2073 (21.5) | 2272 (23.5) | 2632 (27.1) | 2951 (30.3) | 2544 (26.3) | 2485 (25.7) | 2826 (29.0) | 2695 (27.8) | 2612 (26.9) | 2548 (26.2) |
High | 3319 (34.1) | 2759 (28.3) | 1825 (18.9) | 2080 (21.5) | 2699 (27.8) | 3124 (32.1) | 2373 (24.5) | 2595 (26.8) | 2935 (30.2) | 2446 (25.3) | 2556 (26.4) | 2901 (29.9) |
Education | ||||||||||||
≤ Elementary school | 1200 (12.3) | 2391 (24.6) | 4500 (46.5)*** | 3916 (40.4) | 2553 (26.2) | 1622 (16.7)*** | 3125 (32.2) | 3045 (31.3) | 1921 (19.8)*** | 2348 (24.2) | 2860 (29.5) | 2883 (29.6)*** |
Middle school | 796 (8.2) | 1152 (11.8) | 1350 (14.0) | 1225 (12.6) | 1132 (11.6) | 941 (9.7) | 1135 (11.7) | 1098 (11.3) | 1065 (11.0) | 1041 (10.7) | 1069 (11.0) | 1188 (12.2) |
High school | 3912 (40.2) | 3418 (35.1) | 2476 (25.6) | 2733 (28.2) | 3344 (34.4) | 3729 (38.3) | 3127 (32.2) | 3026 (31.1) | 3653 (37.6) | 3588 (37.0) | 3188 (32.8) | 3030 (31.1) |
≥ College | 3829 (39.3) | 2778 (28.5) | 1350 (14.0) | 1822 (18.8) | 2701 (27.8) | 3434 (35.3) | 2323 (23.9) | 2554 (26.3) | 3080 (31.7) | 2719 (28.0) | 2592 (26.7) | 2646 (27.2) |
Regular alcohol consumption2 | ||||||||||||
Yes | 4891 (50.4) | 5248 (54.0) | 4750 (49.0)*** | 4235 (43.7) | 5166 (53.2) | 5488 (56.5)*** | 3952 (40.7) | 4352 (44.8) | 6585 (67.9)*** | 5745 (59.4) | 4971 (51.2) | 4173 (42.9)*** |
Current smoking3 | ||||||||||||
Yes | 2116 (21.7) | 2800 (28.8) | 3061 (31.6)*** | 2333 (24.1) | 2656 (27.3) | 2988 (30.7)*** | 2236 (23.0) | 2261 (23.2) | 3480 (35.8)*** | 3681 (38.0) | 2518 (25.9) | 1778 (18.2)*** |
Physical activity4 | ||||||||||||
Yes | 1072 (11.0) | 1122 (11.6) | 1172 (12.1) | 1187 (12.3) | 1162 (12.0) | 1017 (10.5)** | 1111 (11.5) | 1106 (11.4) | 1149 (11.8) | 1078 (11.1) | 1117 (11.5) | 1171 (12.0) |
Obesity (Body Mass Index ≥25 kg/m2) | 2773 (28.2) | 3184 (32.4) | 3311 (33.7)*** | 3073 (31.3) | 3045 (31.0) | 3150 (32.0) | 3128 (31.8) | 3029 (30.8) | 3111 (31.6) | 3102 (31.6) | 3049 (31.0) | 3117 (31.7)** |
Blood lipid profile (Mean ± SD) | ||||||||||||
Total cholesterol | 186.9 ± 35.8 | 188.7 ± 36.1 | 190.1 ± 37.2*** | 189.4 ± 37.3 | 188.1 ± 36.1 | 188.2 ± 35.7* | 189.7 ± 36.7 | 188.3 ± 36.4 | 187.7 ± 35.9*** | 189.1 ± 36.4 | 188.1 ± 36.1 | 188.5 ± 36.6 |
HDL cholesterol | 53.4 ± 13.1 | 51.3 ± 12.7 | 49.5 ± 12.5*** | 50.8 ± 12.8 | 51.8 ± 13.0 | 51.6 ± 12.7*** | 51.0 ± 12.8 | 50.9 ± 12.7 | 52.4 ± 13.0*** | 51.7 ± 12.9 | 51.2 ± 12.8 | 51.4 ± 12.9 |
Triglyceride | 117.4 ± 88.7 | 133.2 ± 107.4 | 142.4 ± 103.0*** | 136.8 ± 108.5 | 129.1 ± 95.8 | 127.2 ± 96.7*** | 128.8 ± 94.2 | 127.5 ± 92.5 | 136.8 ± 113.4*** | 137.4 ± 114.2 | 129.8 ± 96.5 | 125.9 ± 88.9*** |