Table 1 Articles included in the review according to author, year of publication, type of study, characteristics of populations undergoing interventions, evaluated outcomes and analysis of quality

Ahlgren et al., [22]

Overweight and obese women

0/6

0/6

64.5

70.6

24 months

Experiments on dietary change

Qualitative analysis

^b

Otten et al., 2016 [23]

Obese postmenopausal women

0/25

0/16

61 ± 6

66 ± 2

24 months

Changes in liver fat and insulin sensitivity

Weight, BMI and WC

^c

Pastore et al., 2015 [14]

Hypercholesterolemic patients

10/10

10/10

53 ± 7

53 ± 7

4 months

Dietary intake and plasma lipids

Weight

^c

Masharani et al., 2015 [24]

Type 2 diabetes

14

10

58 ± 8

56 ± 13

3 months

Metabolic and physiological effects of diet

Biochemical markers

^b

Bligh et al., 2015 [25]

Healthy population

24/0

–

27.9 ± 13.2

27.5 ± 12.68

6 months

Acute effects of meal on glycaemia, hormonal responses in the intestine and regulation of appetite

Hormones

^a

Boraxbekk et al., 2015 [26]

Overweight and obese postmenopausal women

0/9

0/11

61.1 ± 1.6

61.6 ± 1.7

6 months

Improvement of episodic memory performance and change of associated functional brain responses

Weight, BMI and WC

^c

Stomby et al., [27]

Overweight and obese women

0/27

0/22

–

–

24 months

Normalization of glucocorticoid metabolism

Weight, BMI and WC

^c

Bisht et al., 2014 [28]

Multiple sclerosis patients

01/08

–

52.4 ± 4.1

–

12 months

Effect on perceived fatigue

Fatigue markers

^a

Hanmarstrom et al., [29]

Overweight middle-aged women

0/8

–

57.5 ± 11

–

24 months

Barriers and facilitators for weight loss

Qualitative analysis

^a

Boers et al., 2014 [30]

Metabolic syndrome patients

18

16

52 ± 10.2

55 ± 9

2 weeks

Alteration of metabolic syndrome characteristics

Weight, BMI and WC

^c

Melberg et al., [31]

Obese postmenopausal women

0/35

0/35

59.9 ± 5.5

60.3 ± 5.9

24 months

Effect of the Paleolithic diet in obese women

Weight, BMI and WC only from the Paleolithic group

^a

Frassetto et al., 2013 [32]

Type 2 diabetes patients

06/07

08/05

56 ± 12

56 ± 12

3 weeks

Effect on total acid production

BMI only from the Paleolithic group

^b

Jonsson et al., 2013 [33]

Type 2 diabetes patients

10/03

–

–

–

3 months

Effect on satiety

Satiety markers

^a

Ryberg et al., 2013 [34]

Obese menopausal women

0/10

0/10

–

–

1 month and 1 week

Effect on liver fat and insulin resistance

Weight, BMI and WC only of the Paleolithic group

^b

Myhill e al., 2013 [35]

Myalgic encephalomyelitis patients

138

–

23.5 ± .5

–

–

Mitochondrial dysfunction

Markers of mitochondrial function

^a

Jonsson et al., 2010 [36]

Coronary syndrome patients

14/0

15/0

–

–

12 weeks

Effect on satiety

Markers of satiety

^a

Jonsson et al., 2009 [37]

Type 2 diabetes patients

01/06

04/02

66 ± 6

63 ± 6

6 months

Improvement of glycemic control in association with several cardiovascular risk factors

Weight, BMI and WC

^b

Frassetto et al., 2009 [38]

Healthy population in physical activity

06/03

06/03

38 ± 12

38 ± 12

3 weeks

Effect on glycemic control and association with cardiovascular risk factors

BMI only from the Paleolithic group

^b

Baumgartner et al., 2009 [39]

Healthy population in physical activity

05/05

–

25 ± 21

–

4 weeks

Effect on oral microbiota and clinical data

Present bacteria

^a

Osterdahl et al., [16]

Healthy population

08/09

–

30 ± 10

–

3 weeks

Effect of the Paleolithic diet on the reduction of cardiovascular risk

Weight, BMI and WC

^a

Lindeberg et al., 2007 [40]

Ischemic heart disease patients

14/0

15/0

65 ± 10

57 ± 7

12 weeks

Effect of glucose tolerance

Weight and WC

^c

Smith et al., 2014 [15]

Healthy population

24/20

–

31.2 ± 0.3

–

2 months and 2 weeks

Effects on serum lipids

Weight

^a

Genoni et al., 2016 [41]

Healthy women

0/22

0/17

47 ± 13

26.8 ± 7.2

1 months

Metabolic and cardiovascular effects

Weight and WC

^c

Fontes-Vilalba et al., [42]

Type 2 diabetes patients

06/01

04/02

66 ± 6

63 ± 6

6 months

Effects on adipokines, glucagon, incretins and ghrelin

Weight

^b

Blomquist C, et al. 2017 [43]

Healthy postmenopausal women

0/35

0/35

60 + 5.6

61 + 7

24 months

Android fat, weight, adipose gene expression, toll-like receptor 4, macrophage migration, Serum interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor a levels and High-sensitivity C-reactive protein

Weight

^b

Blomquist C, et al. 2018 [44]

Postmenopausal women with overweight

0/33

0/25

60 ± 5.5

62 ± 5.7

6 months

insulin sensitivity, decreased circulating triglycerides, gene expressions of CD36, fatty acid synthase and diglyceride acyltransferase 2

BMI and Body weight

^b