Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics of U.S. adults (Age ≥ 20 years) by Diabetes Status
Characteristic | (n) | aDiabetes Status | p trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nondiabetes (n = 1436) | Prediabetes (n = 1905) | Diabetes (n = 715) | ||||||
4056 | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Age | <.0001 | |||||||
20–39 | 731 | 53.2 | 448 | 26.7 | 34 | 5.1 | ||
40–59 | 459 | 34.9 | 704 | 43.3 | 219 | 38.2 | ||
60–79 | 199 | 9.9 | 614 | 24.9 | 388 | 46.5 | ||
80+ | 47 | 1.9 | 139 | 5.1 | 74 | 10.1 | ||
Sex | 4056 | <.0001 | ||||||
Male | 554 | 40.4 | 997 | 54.6 | 375 | 52.9 | ||
Female | 882 | 59.6 | 908 | 45.4 | 340 | 47.1 | ||
Race/Ethnicity | 4056 | 0.0049 | ||||||
Mexican American | 255 | 7.8 | 338 | 8.0 | 136 | 8.2 | ||
Non-Hispanic White | 720 | 71.2 | 978 | 72.0 | 309 | 65.1 | ||
Non-Hispanic Black | 221 | 9.5 | 310 | 10.3 | 163 | 15.7 | ||
Other | 240 | 11.4 | 279 | 9.7 | 107 | 10.9 | ||
Education Level | 4050 | <.0001 | ||||||
Less than high school | 302 | 12.9 | 536 | 19.1 | 263 | 25.1 | ||
High School diploma | 311 | 20.2 | 459 | 25.1 | 188 | 29.1 | ||
Some College education | 428 | 30.7 | 501 | 27.6 | 172 | 26.8 | ||
College Graduate or Above | 395 | 36.1 | 405 | 28.2 | 90 | 18.9 | ||
Marital Status | 4055 | <.0001 | ||||||
Current Married | 832 | 62.0 | 1217 | 68.1 | 439 | 65.2 | ||
Former Married | 253 | 13.4 | 462 | 19.3 | 218 | 26.9 | ||
Never Married | 351 | 24.6 | 226 | 12.5 | 57 | 7.9 | ||
Smoking Status | 4056 | <.0001 | ||||||
Nonsmoker | 876 | 60.6 | 1008 | 52.9 | 353 | 49.5 | ||
Current smoker | 282 | 18.9 | 375 | 19.2 | 108 | 13.5 | ||
Former smoker | 278 | 20.4 | 522 | 27.9 | 254 | 36.9 | ||
bPhysical Activity | 4056 | <.0001 | ||||||
None | 654 | 38.6 | 1020 | 47.2 | 489 | 63.9 | ||
Insufficient | 230 | 17.2 | 293 | 18.0 | 94 | 15.5 | ||
Sufficient | 552 | 44.1 | 592 | 34.8 | 132 | 20.6 | ||
Poverty-to-Income Ratio | 4056 | <.0001 | ||||||
< 1.30 | 494 | 23.0 | 705 | 25.7 | 259 | 25.2 | ||
1.30–3.49 | 498 | 32.9 | 649 | 33.8 | 300 | 43.6 | ||
≥ 3.50 | 444 | 44.1 | 551 | 40.5 | 156 | 31.2 | ||
Self-Reported Health | 4055 | <.0001 | ||||||
Excellent | 280 | 23.3 | 224 | 14.1 | 32 | 6.0 | ||
Very Good | 457 | 37.4 | 535 | 31.9 | 97 | 15.6 | ||
Good | 481 | 29.2 | 719 | 37.1 | 242 | 36.9 | ||
Fair | 184 | 8.8 | 351 | 13.9 | 262 | 32.3 | ||
Poor | 34 | 1.4 | 75 | 3.0 | 82 | 9.2 | ||
Covered by Health Insurance | 4052 | 0.0031 | ||||||
Yes | 1039 | 80.1 | 1455 | 82.1 | 604 | 88.1 | ||
No | 396 | 19.9 | 447 | 17.9 | 111 | 11.9 | ||
Adult Food Security Category | 4024 | 0.2948 | ||||||
Full | 1045 | 82.3 | 1375 | 79.8 | 544 | 83.8 | ||
Marginal | 162 | 7.5 | 189 | 7.9 | 64 | 6.5 | ||
Low | 129 | 6.5 | 202 | 7.6 | 60 | 5.9 | ||
Very Low | 86 | 3.7 | 123 | 4.7 | 45 | 3.8 | ||