|
Variables
|
Weighted frequency (%)
|
CAS Prevalence (95% CI)
|
P-value*
|
|---|
|
Basic factors
|
|
Residence place
|
Urban
|
11.9
|
16.1 (12.0–20.2)
|
0.001
|
|
Rural
|
88.1
|
25.0 (23.3–26.7)
|
|
Region (state)
|
Pastoral
|
6.4
|
22.6 (16.2–29.1)
|
0.606
|
|
Agrarian
|
93.6
|
24.4 (22.8–26.1)
|
|
Wealth category
|
Low
|
44.1
|
31.7 (26.4–37.1)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Middle
|
22.5
|
16.4 (11.0–21.9)
|
|
High
|
33.4
|
14.5 (11.0–17.9)
|
|
Caregivers education
|
No
|
61.0
|
23.4 (19.6–27.2)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Primary
|
30.6
|
18.5 (14.1–22.9)
|
|
Secondary+
|
8.4
|
13.5 (6.4–20.5)
|
|
Underlying factors
|
|
Water source type
|
Not improved
|
50.1
|
22.9 (19.1–26.8)
|
0.065
|
|
Improved
|
49.9
|
17.9 (14.1–21.7)
|
|
Toilet facility type
|
Not improved
|
90.2
|
21.1 (18.2–24.1)
|
0.001
|
|
Improved
|
9.8
|
17.2 (10.3–24.1)
|
|
Proximal factors
|
|
Child sex
|
Boy
|
46.9
|
21.2 (17.2–25.2)
|
0.033
|
|
Girl
|
53.1
|
20.1 (16.5–23.8)
|
|
Child age
|
< 12 months
|
34.9
|
12.1 (8.5–15.7)
|
< 0.001
|
|
12–23 months
|
65.1
|
25.4 (21.8–29.1)
|
|
Birth size
|
Small
|
27.0
|
29.7 (23.7–35.8)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Average
|
40.7
|
19.1 (15.1–23.2)
|
|
Large
|
32.3
|
15.3 (11.0–19.5)
|
|
Infection historya
|
No
|
62.4
|
20.0 (16.6–23.4)
|
0.031
|
|
Yes
|
37.6
|
21.6 (17.2–25.9)
|
|
Breastfeeding duration
|
< 12 months
|
38.4
|
22.1 (18.5–25.7)
|
0.692
|
|
12–23 monhs
|
61.6
|
25.4 (21.8–29.1)
|
|
Early breastfeeding initiation
|
No
|
10.9
|
22.4 (14.0–30.9)
|
0.533
|
|
Yes
|
89.1
|
20.4 (17.6–23.2)
|
|
Deworming
|
No
|
90.8
|
20.5 (17.7–23.3)
|
0.802
|
|
Yes
|
9.2
|
22.0 (12.2–31.8)
|
|
Vitamin A supplement
|
No
|
56.4
|
18.0 (14.5–21.5)
|
0.043
|
|
Yes
|
43.6
|
23.8 (19.6–28.0)
|
|
Iron supplement
|
No
|
92.1
|
20.1 (17.2–22.9)
|
0.337
|
|
Yes
|
7.9
|
25.4 (16.4–34.5)
|
|
Grains and tubers
|
No
|
27.8
|
25.5 (19.6–31.4)
|
0.349
|
|
Yes
|
72.2
|
19.1 (16.1–22.1)
|
|
VARFV
|
No
|
72.3
|
21.3 (18.1–24.5)
|
0.088
|
|
Yes
|
27.7
|
18.9 (14.0–23.8)
|
|
OFV
|
No
|
82.8
|
22.2 (19.2–25.3)
|
0.006
|
|
Yes
|
17.2
|
14.1 (8.9–19.3)
|
|
Meat
|
No
|
91.6
|
21.5 (18.6–24.3)
|
0.050
|
|
Yes
|
8.4
|
13.8 (6.8–20.9)
|
|
Milk
|
No
|
61.7
|
22.2 (18.7–25.6)
|
0.013
|
|
Yes
|
38.3
|
18.0 (13.7–22.2)
|
|
Legumes and nuts
|
No
|
79.1
|
22.3 (19.1–25.4)
|
0.064
|
|
Yes
|
20.9
|
14.8 (9.7–19.9)
|
|
Egg
|
No
|
83.3
|
21.3 (18.3–24.3)
|
0.348
|
|
Yes
|
16.7
|
17.9 (12.0–23.7)
|
|
MDDb
|
No
|
84.6
|
22.7 (19.7–25.8)
|
0.010
|
|
Yes
|
15.4
|
11.0 (0.06–15.9)
|
|
MMFc
|
No
|
57.3
|
19.4 (15.9–22.9)
|
0.022
|
|
Yes
|
42.7
|
22.3 (18.0–26.5)
|
- CAS: concurrent anemia and stunting, CI: confidence interval, VARFV: vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, OFV: other fruits and vegetables
- a = Infection defined as history of cough, diarrhea, or fever in the last 2 weeks (yes, any one of the three conditions)
- b = Minimum dietary diversity defined as, according to the WHO criteria, eating from 4 or more of the 7 food groups
- c = Minimum meal frequency defined as, according to the WHO criteria, when a child ate at least 3 and 4 times a day for breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding, respectively
- *Based on Chi-square test of association
