Table 4 Bivariate analyses to identify candidate variables for multivariable logistic regression to identify determinants of LBW, Dessie Town, Ethiopia, 2017
Variables | Cases | Controls | Crude OR (95%CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
No % | No % | |||
Maternal age (year) | ||||
 ≤ 20 | 9 (9.7) | 32 (17.2) | 0.54 (0.25,1.19) | 0.127* |
 21–35 | 77 (82.8) | 147 (79.6) | 1 |  |
 > 35 | 7 (7.5) | 6 (3.2) | 2.24 (0.73,6.91) | 0.159* |
Residence | ||||
 Urban | 52 (55.9) | 111 (59.7) | 1 |  |
 Rural | 41 (44.1) | 75 (40.3) | 1.17 (0.71,1.93) | 0.548 |
Educational status of mothers | ||||
 Informal | 32 (34.4) | 32 (17.2) | 2.53 (1.42,4.48) | 0.002* |
 Formal | 61 (65.6) | 154 (82.8) | 1 |  |
Occupation of mothers | ||||
 Employed | 17 (18.3) | 63 (33.9) | 1 |  |
 Merchant | 5 (5.4) | 24 (12.9) | 0.77 (0.26,2.33) | 0.646 |
 Housewife | 65 (69.9) | 91 (48.9) | 2.65 (1.42,4.94) | 0.002* |
 Others | 6 (6.5) | 8 (4.3) | 2.78 0.85,9.1) | 0.091 |
Wealth index | ||||
 Lower | 58 (62.4) | 101 (54.3) | 1.09 (0.57,2.07) | 0.797 |
 Middle | 16 (17.2) | 49 (26.3) | 0.62 (0.28,1.37) | 0.235* |
 Upper | 19 (20.4) | 36 (19.4) | 1 |  |
Height (cm) | ||||
 < 150 | 22 (23.7) | 23 (12.4) | 2.21 (1.15,4.21) | 0.017* |
 > =150 | 71 (76.3) | 163 (87.6) | 1 |  |
MUAC | ||||
 < 23 | 49 (52.7) | 25 (13.4) | 7.17 (3.99,12.88) | < 0.0001** |
 > =23 | 44 (47.3) | 161 (86.6) | 1 |  |
Any multivitamin | ||||
 Yes | 9 (9.7) | 36 (19.4) | 1 |  |
 No | 84 (90.3) | 150 (80.6) | 2.24 (1.03,4.88) | 0.042* |
Iron and folate supplementation | ||||
 Yes | 64 (68.8) | 166 (89.2) | 1 |  |
 No | 29 (31.2) | 20 (10.8) | 3.76 (1.99,7.12) | < 0.0001** |
Anemia | ||||
 Yes | 30 (32.3) | 17 (9.1) | 4.73 (2.44, 9.17) | < 0.0001** |
 No | 63 (67.7) | 169 (90.9) | 1 |  |
ANC follow up | ||||
 Yes | 83 (89.2) | 180 (96.8) | 1 |  |
 No | 10 (10.8) | 6 (3.2) | 3.61 (1.27, 10.28) | 0.016* |
Nutritional counseling | ||||
 Yes | 40 (43.0) | 153 (82.3) | 1 |  |
 No | 53 (57.0) | 33 (17.7) | 6.14 (3.52,10.72) | < 0.0001** |
Additional food intake during pregnancy | ||||
 Yes | 34 (36.6) | 134 (72) | 1 |  |
 No | 59 (63.4) | 52 (28) | 4.47 (2.63, 7.61) | < 0.0001** |
MDD-W | ||||
 inadequate | 87 (93.5) | 117 (62.9) | 8.55 (3.55, 20.61) | < 0.0001** |
 adequate | 6 (6.5) | 69 (37.1) | 1 |  |
Khat chewing | ||||
 Yes | 33 (35.5) | 50 (26.9) | 1.51 (0.88, 2.55) | 0.14* |
 No | 60 (64.5) | 136 (73.1) | 1 |  |
History of abortion | ||||
 Yes | 22 (23.7) | 22 (11.8) | 2.31 (1.20, 4.44) | 0.012* |
 No | 71 (76.3) | 164 (88.2) | 1 |  |
History of preterm delivery | ||||
 Yes | 10 (10.8) | 5 (2.7) | 4.36 (1.45, 13.16) | 0.009* |
 No | 83 (89.2) | 181 (97.3) | 1 |  |
HIV status | ||||
 Reactive | 5 (5.4) | 4 (2.2) | 2.59 (0.68, 9.87) | 0.164* |
 Non-reactive | 88 (94.6) | 182 (97.8) | 1 |  |
Type of pregnancy | ||||
 Planned and wanted | 66 (71.0) | 149 (80.1) | 1 |  |
 Unplanned but wanted | 23 (24.7) | 32 (17.2) | 1.62 (0.88, 2.98) | 0.119* |
 Unplanned and wanted | 4 (4.3) | 5 (2.7) | 1.81 (0.47, 6.94) | 0.389 |
Infant sex | ||||
 Male | 49 (52.7) | 117 (62.9) | 1 |  |
 Female | 44 (47.3) | 69 (37.1) | 1.52 (0.92, 2.52) | 0.102* |