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Table 5 Covariate-adjusted* median intake of energy, protein, iron, zinc and folic acid from diet and diet+supplement at baseline and changes from baseline to follow-up stages by supplementation group

From: Fortified food supplementation in children with reduced dietary energy and micronutrients intake in Southern Mexico

Stage study

FF

Syrup

MNP

Syrup vs FF

MNP vs FF

MNP vs Syrup

FF

Syrup

MNP

Syrup vs FF

MNP vs FF

MNP vs Syrup

Diet

Diet + supplement

Energy (kcal)

 Baseline

462.0

(365.6, 558.4)

451.9

(348.0, 555.7)

442.0

(376.6, 507.4)

−10.1

(− 151.8, 131.6)

− 20.0

(− 136.5, 96.5)

−9.9

(− 132.6, 112.9)

462.0

(365.9, 558.0)

451.9

(348.4, 555.4)

442.0

(376.8, 507.2)

−10.1

(− 151.3, 131.1)

− 20.0

(− 136.1, 96.1)

−9.9

(− 132.2, 112.5)

 4 m - Baseline

257.8

(155.9, 359.8)

405.9

(308.2, 503.5)

442.0

(328.9, 555.1)

148.0

(6.9, 289.2)

184.1

(31.9, 336.4)

36.1

(− 113.3, 185.6)

394.9

(287.4, 502.4)

405.9

(308.4, 503.3)

442.0

(328.1, 555.9)

11.0

(− 134.1, 156.1)

47.1

(− 109.5, 203.7)

36.1

(− 113.8, 186.0)

 10 m - Baseline

697.6

(574.9, 820.2)

915.5

(760.6, 1070.3)

802.8

(678.0, 927.5)

217.9

(20.4, 415.4)

105.2

(−69.8, 280.2)

− 112.7

(− 311.5, 86.1)

837.3

(718.9, 955.8)

915.5

(761.2, 1069.7)

802.8

(678.4, 927.1)

78.1

(−116.4, 272.6)

− 34.5

(− 206.3, 137.2)

− 112.7

(− 310.8, 85.5)

Protein (g)

 Baseline

13.1

(10.0, 16.3)

14.2

(10.6, 17.8)

14.6

(11.2, 18.1)

1.1

(−3.7, 5.8)

1.5

(− 3.2, 6.2)

0.4

(− 4.5, 5.4)

13.1

(10.1, 16.2)

12.8

(0.3, 25.2)

11.8

(2.1, 21.5)

−0.4

(− 12.0, 11.2)

−1.3

(−9.9, 7.3)

−0.9

(− 12.0, 10.2)

 4 m - Baseline

8.0

(2.7, 13.4)

13.0

(9.2, 16.8)

14.0

(10.1, 17.9)

5.0

(−1.6, 11.5)

6.0

(−0.6, 12.6)

1.0

(− 4.4, 6.5)

21.3

(9.9, 32.7)

22.1

(4.7, 39.5)

15.0

(6.5, 23.6)

0.8

(−20.0, 21.6)

−6.3

(− 20.5, 8.0)

−7.1

(− 26.5, 12.3)

 10 m - Baseline

25.3

(18.2, 32.4)

29.8

(24.8, 34.8)

26.9

(22.4, 31.4)

4.5

(−4.1, 13.2)

1.6

(− 6.8, 10.0)

− 2.9

(−9.6, 3.8)

51.7

(25.1, 78.4)

46.8

(26.7, 67.0)

49.6

(37.1, 62.0)

− 4.9

(− 38.3, 28.5)

− 2.2

(− 31.6, 27.2)

2.7

(− 21.0, 26.4)

Iron (mg)

 Baseline

2.1

(1.6, 2.6)

2.1

(1.5, 2.8)

2.2

(1.7, 2.7)

0.0

(−0.8, 0.8)

0.1

(− 0.6, 0.8)

0.1

(− 0.7, 0.9)

2.1

(1.6, 2.6)

2.1

(1.5, 2.8)

2.2

(1.8, 2.6)

0.0

(−0.8, 0.9)

0.1

(− 0.5, 0.8)

0.1

(− 0.7, 0.9)

 4 m - Baseline

1.1

(0.5, 1.7)

1.5

(0.7, 2.2)

1.4

(0.9, 2.0)

0.4

(−0.6, 1.3)

0.3

(−0.5, 1.1)

− 0.0

(−1.0, 0.9)

10.2

(9.6, 10.7)

10.5

(9.5, 11.5)

11.3

(10.7, 11.9)

0.3

(−0.9, 1.5)

1.1

(0.3, 1.9)

0.8

(−0.4, 2.0)

 10 m - Baseline

3.5

(2.8, 4.2)

3.9

(2.9, 4.9)

4.0

(2.8, 5.2)

0.4

(−0.8, 1.7)

0.5

(−0.9, 1.9)

0.1

(−1.5, 1.6)

11.9

(11.4, 12.5)

13.3

(12.2, 14.4)

13.2

(12.1, 14.3)

1.4

(0.1, 2.6)

1.2

(0.0, 2.5)

−0.1

(−1.7, 1.4)

Zinc (mg)

 Baseline

2.3

(1.8, 2.9)

2.6

(1.7, 3.6)

2.5

(2.0, 3.0)

0.3

(−0.8, 1.4)

0.2

(−0.6, 0.9)

− 0.2

(−1.2, 0.9)

2.3

(1.8, 2.9)

2.6

(1.7, 3.6)

2.5

(2.0, 3.0)

0.3

(−0.8, 1.5)

0.2

(− 0.6, 0.9)

−0.2

(−1.3, 0.9)

 4 m - Baseline

1.2

(0.5, 1.8)

1.9

(1.1, 2.7)

2.1

(1.2, 3.0)

0.7

(−0.3, 1.7)

0.9

(−0.2, 2.0)

0.2

(−1.0, 1.4)

10.0

(9.4, 10.7)

9.8

(8.6, 11.1)

12.0

(11.1, 12.9)

−0.2

(−1.6, 1.2)

2.0

(0.9, 3.1)

2.2

(0.7, 3.7)

 10 m - Baseline

3.6

(2.6, 4.6)

3.8

(2.8, 4.7)

4.1

(3.0, 5.1)

0.2

(−1.2, 1.5)

0.5

(−1.0, 1.9)

0.3

(− 1.1, 1.7)

12.0

(11.1, 13.0)

13.3

(12.2, 14.4)

13.5

(12.4, 14.6)

1.3

(−0.2, 2.7)

1.4

(0.0, 2.9)

0.2

(−1.3, 1.7)

Folic acid (μg)

 Baseline

29.6

(22.4, 36.9)

28.3

(19.9, 36.7)

33.5

(25.1, 41.9)

−1.3

(−12.4, 9.8)

3.9

(−7.2, 15.0)

5.2

(−6.6, 17.1)

29.6

(22.3, 37.0)

28.3

(19.7, 36.9)

33.5

(25.3, 41.8)

−1.3

(− 12.6, 10.0)

3.9

(−7.1, 14.9)

5.2

(− 6.7, 17.1)

 4 m - Baseline

15.0

(5.0, 25.0)

29.9

(17.7, 42.2)

12.2

(0.4, 24.1)

14.9

(−0.9, 30.7)

−2.8

(−18.3, 12.7)

− 17.7

(−34.7, − 0.7)

56.5

(45.3, 67.8)

70.3

(59.4, 81.2)

60.1

(47.9, 72.2)

13.8

(− 1.9, 29.4)

3.6

(− 13.0, 20.1)

−10.2

(− 26.5, 6.1)

 10 m - Baseline

54.6

(44.6, 64.6)

70.7

(49.9, 91.5)

44.6

(29.5, 59.8)

16.1

(−7.0, 39.2)

−10.0

(−28.1, 8.1)

− 26.1

(− 51.8, − 0.4)

99.2

(86.7, 111.7)

116.8

(96.9, 136.8)

91.4

(75.1, 107.8)

17.6

(− 5.9, 41.2)

− 7.7

(− 28.3, 12.9)

−25.4

(− 51.2, 0.4)

  1. Fortified food (FF), Micronutrient powder (MNP), and Syrup (Syrup)
  2. Obtained from a quantile regression with age at the onset of supplementation and socioeconomic level as adjustment covariates and standard errors adjusted for data dependencies within communities. *Age at the onset of supplementation and socioeconomic status level
  3. In boldface are the significant differences in differences