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Table 3 Significance levels of comparisons between diagnostic groups using Marascuilo post-hoc analysis procedure

From: Severely malnourished children with a low weight-for-height have a higher mortality than those with a low mid-upper-arm-circumference: I. Empirical data demonstrates Simpson’s paradox

Children with marasmus

Comparisons

All

IPF

OTP

SFC

0–60 m

p

p

p

p

 muac v whz

0.000

ns

0.001

ns

 muac v both

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

 whz v both

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

6 - < 18 m

    

 muac v whz

0.000

ns

ns

ns

 muac v both

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.003

 whz v both

0.000

0.017

0.000

ns

18 - < 36 m

    

 muac v whz

0.000

ns

0.000

ns

 muac v both

0.000

0.001

0.000

ns

 whz v both

0.000

0.000

0.000

ns

36–60 m

    

 muac v whz

ns

ns

ns

ns

 muac v both

0.000

0.000

ns

ns

 whz v both

0.000

0.017

0.019

ns

Children with kwashiorKor/marasmic-kwashiorKor

Comparisons

All

IPF

OTP

 

0–60 m

p

p

p

 

 K-muac v Kwash

ns

ns

ns

 

 K-whz v Kwash

0.000

0.000

0.000

 

 K-both v Kwash

0.000

0.000

0.000

 

 K-muac v K-whz

0.000

0.001

0.000

 

 K-muac v K-both

0.000

0.000

0.000

 

 K-whz v K-both

ns

ns

0.041

 

6 - < 18 m

    

 K-muac v Kwash

ns

ns

ns

 

 K-whz v Kwash

0.014

ns

ns

 

 K-both v Kwash

0.000

0.000

ns

 

 K-muac v K-whz

0.007

ns

0.006

 

 K-muac v K-both

0.000

0.002

0.000

 

 K-whz v K-both

ns

ns

ns

 

18 - < 36 m

    

 K-muac v Kwash

ns

ns

ns

 

 K-whz v Kwash

0.000

0.003

0.000

 

 K-both v Kwash

0.000

0.000

0.000

 

 K-muac v K-whz

0.000

0.012

0.001

 

 K-muac v K-both

0.000

0.000

0.002

 

 K-whz v K-both

ns

ns

ns

 

36–60 m

    

 K-muac v Kwash

0.047

ns

ns

 

 K-whz v Kwash

0.000

0.011

0.000

 

 K-both v Kwash

0.000

0.000

0.000

 

 K-muac v K-whz

0.007

ns

0.002

 

 K-muac v K-both

0.000

0.002

ns

 

 K-whz v K-both

ns

ns

ns

 
  1. Abbreviations are given in Table 2; ns not significant at p < 0.05