Table 1 Characteristics of the Chinese type 2 diabetic adults with and without obesity

 Age, years

54.0 ± 8.6

55.8 ± 7.5

52.1 ± 9.2

–

  Male

115 (54.5)

57 (49.6)

58 (50.4)

–

  Female

96 (45.5)

48 (50.4)

48 (49.6)

 Weight, kg

78.1 ± 21.1

61.2 ± 8.9

94.8 ± 15.7

< 0.001

 BMI, kg/m²

28.7 ± 6.8

22.7 ± 1.6

34.6 ± 4.3

< 0.001

 Waist circumference, cm

97.6 ± 16.2

84.3 ± 7.4

110.7 ± 11.1

< 0.001

 Waist-hip ratio

0.95 ± 0.07

0.91 ± 0.06

0.98 ± 0.07

< 0.001

 Education level, secondary or above

160 (75)

78 (74.3)

82 (77.4)

0.415

 Full/Part-time employment

136 (64.4)

66 (62.9)

70 (66.0)

0.446

 Smoking

50 (23.7)

24 (22.9)

26 (24.5)

0.665

 Alcohol drinking

5 (2.4)

3 (2.9)

2 (1.9)

0.696

 History of hypertension

146 (69.2)

59 (56.2)

87 (82.1)

< 0.001

 History of cardiovascular disease

39 (18.5)

21 (20.0)

18 (17.0)

0.810

 Duration of diabetes, years

8.8 ± 7.7

9.1 ± 7.8

8.5 ± 7.6

0.804

 Oral antidiabetic drug use

188 (89.1)

93 (88.6)

95 (89.6)

0.439

 Insulin use

72 (34.1)

31 (29.5)

40 (37.7)

0.331

 Antihypertensive drug use

142 (67.3)

58 (55.2)

84 (79.2)

< 0.001

 Lipid-lowering drug use

134 (63.5)

57 (54.3)

77 (72.6)

< 0.001

 SBP, mmHg

131.5 ± 20.3

130.1± 21.8

132.9 ± 18.6

0.186

 DBP, mmHg

74.5 ± 11.7

72.0 ± 11.1

77.1 ± 11.7

0.004

 FPG, mmol/L

7.6 ± 2.7

7.5 ± 2.2

7.7 ± 2.3

0.438

 HbA_1C, %

7.7 ± 1.5

7.6 ± 1.6

7.7 ± 1.4

0.222

 TC, mmol/L

4.14 ± 0.86

4.21 ± 0.85

4.07 ± 0.87

0.211

 LDL-C, mmol/L

2.19 ± 0.74

2.23 ± 0.78

2.15 ± 0.70

0.334

 HDL-C, mmol/L

1.25 ± 0.36

1.34 ± 0.39

1.15 ± 0.30

< 0.001

 TG, mmol/L

1.33 (0.93–1.97)

1.12 (0.79–1.77)

1.42 (1.06–2.08)

0.007

 Physical activity level, MET-minutes/week

2088.2 ± 1642.1

2202.8 ± 1789.0

1974.6 ± 1482.1

0.476