Greater improvements in diet quality among overweight participants following a group-based commercial weight loss programme than those receiving support to lose weight in primary care

Ambrosini, Gina L.; Solis-Trapala, Ivonne; Ahern, Amy L.; Fuller, Nicholas R.; Holzapfel, Christina; Hauner, Hans; Caterson, Ian D.; Jebb, Susan A.

doi:10.1186/s12937-018-0370-x

Table 2 Adjusted mean changes in dietary intakes over time and between intervention groups

From: Greater improvements in diet quality among overweight participants following a group-based commercial weight loss programme than those receiving support to lose weight in primary care

	Energy (kJ/d)	Fat (g/d)	Saturated fat (g/d)	Protein (g/d)	Carbohydrate (g/d)	Sugars (g/d)
Overall^a
6 months v baseline
Mean change	−952	−12.9	−5.7	−3.4	−22.2	− 9.7
95% CI	(− 1263, 641)	(− 16.7, −9.1)	(−7.4, − 4.1)	(−6.7, 0.06)	(− 31.5, − 12.9)	(− 15.6, − 3.9)
p-value^b	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	p = 0.055	p < 0.001	p = 0.002
12 months v baseline
Mean change	−822	−10.5	− 4.7	−3.0	−20.3	− 9.9
95% CI	(− 1174, − 472)	(− 14.7, − 6.2)	(− 6.6, − 2.9)	(− 6.8, 0.9)	(− 30.8, − 9.8)	(− 16.5, − 3.2)
p-value^b	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	p = 0.131	p < 0.001	p = 0.004
CP versus SC
6 months v baseline
Difference in mean change	−503	−6.9	− 3.3	−3.1	−11.9	−6.1
95% CI	(− 913, − 93)	(− 11.9, − 1.8)	(− 5.4, − 1.1)	(− 7.6, 1.4)	(− 24.1, 0.3)	(− 13.9, 1.6)
p-value^c	p = 0.017	p = 0.008	p = 0.003	p = 0.173	p = 0.057	p = 0.120
12 months v baseline
Difference in mean change	− 465	−7.1	− 3.4	− 0.9	−11.3	−4.4
95% CI	(− 924, − 5)	(− 12.7, − 1.5)	(− 5.8, − 1.1)	(− 6.0, 4.1)	(− 24.9, 2.4)	(− 13.1, 4.3)
p-value^c	p = 0.048	p = 0.014	p = 0.005	p = 0.720	p = 0.107	p = 0.324
	Dietary energy density (MJ/g)	Fat density (g/MJ)	Saturated fat density (g/MJ)	Protein density (g/MJ)	Carbohydrate density (g/MJ)	Sugar density (g/MJ)	Fibre density (g/MJ)
Overall^a
6 months v baseline
Mean change	−0.64	−0.72	−0.40	0.93	0.76	0.22	0.14
95% CI	(− 0.89, − 0.39)	(− 1.0, − 0.42)	(− 0.54, − 0.25)	(0.53, 1.32)	(− 0.001, 1.53)	(− 0.45, 0.88)	(0.03, 0.25)
p-value^b	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	p = 0.051	p = 0.525	p = 0.015
12 months v baseline
Mean change	− 0.61	− 0.47	−0.31	0.84	0.44	−0.01	0.15
95% CI	(− 0.89, − 0.34)	(− 0.80, − 0.13)	(− 0.47, − 0.15)	(0.39, 1.28)	(− 0.42, 1.304)	(− 0.77, 0.74)	(0.02, 0.27)
p-value^b	p < 0.001	p = 0.006	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	p = 0.318	p = 0.975	p = 0.021
CP versus SC
6 months v baseline
Difference in mean change	− 0.48	−0.32	−0.22	0.38	0.18	0.05	0.30
95% CI	(− 0.81, − 0.16)	(− 0.71, 0.07)	(− 0.40, − 0.03)	(− 0.14, 0.91)	(− 0.83, 1.19)	(− 0.83, 0.93)	(0.15, 0.44)
p-value^c	p = 0.004	p = 0.105	p = 0.023	p = 0.151	p = 0.722	p = 0.914	p < 0.001
12 months v baseline
Difference in mean change	−0.48	−0.47	−0.26	0.65	0.17	0.25	0.26
95% CI	(− 0.85, − 0.12)	(− 0.91, − 0.03)	(− 0.47, − 0.05)	(0.07, 1.24)	(− 0.96, 1.30)	(− 0.73, 1.24)	(0.09, 0.42)
p-value^c	p = 0.009	p = 0.035	p = 0.014	p = 0.029	p = 0.773	p = 0.616	p = 0.002

^aLinear mixed effects regression models for dietary intake collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months, with explanatory variables age, gender, country (all participants from UK and Australian study centres); time, intervention and intervention by time interaction; the difference in mean change is the estimated difference in mean change during the specified follow up period between intervention groups
^bProbability of rejecting the null hypothesis (mean change = 0) when it is true, based on a Wald test
^cProbability of rejecting the null hypothesis (difference in mean change = 0) when it is true, based on a Wald test

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