| |
Median (IQR) daily intake
|
Correlationsc
|
|---|
|
3-DFR
|
FFQb
|
Difference % (IQR)a
|
Unadjusted
|
Energy-adjustedd
|
|---|
|
Energy (kcal)
|
2093 (1860–2518)
|
2439 (2020–2802)***
|
12.1 (−1.1–24.9)
|
0.72**
| |
|
Protein (g)
|
87.2 (78.4–106)
|
102 (82.9–122)***
|
12.7 (−3.2–32.0)
|
0.59**
|
0.47**
|
|
CHO (g)
|
248 (214–307)
|
295 (254–379)***
|
20.0 (1.75–43.0)
|
0.50**
|
0.39**
|
|
Lipids (g)
|
82.8 (68.3–103)
|
84.1 (74.8–103)
|
2.5 (− 12.9–16.5)
|
0.74**
|
0.28*
|
|
SFA (g)
|
28.9 (21.8–37.3)
|
28.3 (23.7–32.7)
|
−4.7 (− 17.9–18.7)
|
0.69**
|
0.33**
|
|
MUFA (g)
|
29.2 (23.1–35.6)
|
29.8 (25.8–36.8)
|
2,6 (−14.2–25.9)
|
0.61**
|
0.25*
|
|
PUFA (g)
|
15.0 (10.7–19.5)
|
15.8 (12.8–19.3)
|
3.2 (− 10.8–26.1)
|
0.58**
|
0.33**
|
|
Cholesterol (mg)
|
266 (195–351)
|
256 (197–332)
|
− 9.1 (− 31.1–32.0)
|
0.46**
|
0.24*
|
|
Dietary fiber (g)
|
17.3 (13.6–21.0)
|
23.8 (18.1–29.8)***
|
31.1 (0.4–60.0)
|
0.50**
|
0.58**
|
|
Alcohol (g)
|
0.0 (0.0–4.6)
|
1.1 (0.0–9.5)*
|
–
|
0.59**
|
0.47**
|
|
Vitamin A (μg)
|
720 (564–988)
|
950 (747–1171)***
|
34.3 (− 8.5–80.4)
|
0.47**
|
0.41**
|
|
Vitamin C (mg)
|
122 (74.9–183.2)
|
187 (139–257)***
|
52.6 (14.5–122)
|
0.55**
|
0.50**
|
|
Vitamin E (mg)
|
6.2 (4.6–8.4)
|
8.9 (7.35–10.6)***
|
50.6 (16.4–73.5)
|
0.54**
|
0.47**
|
|
Vitamin D (IU)
|
176 (114–255)
|
226 (157–296)**
|
24.3 (− 16.0–83.1)
|
0.58**
|
0.50**
|
|
Calcium (mg)
|
1080 (690–1407)
|
1307 (1002–1654)***
|
23.0 (2.5–49.6)
|
0.70**
|
0.52**
|
|
Iron (mg)
|
12.5 (11.0–16.3)
|
16.0 (13.2–19.0)***
|
16.0 (3.7–45.6)
|
0.49**
|
0.42**
|
|
Folate (mcg)
|
347 (296–437)
|
492 (388–620)***
|
39.6 (14.4–72.4)
|
0.46**
|
0.41**
|
- Values are median (IQR), N = 80
- IQR inter-quartile range, 3-DFR 3-day food record, FFQ food frequency questionnaire, CHO carbohydrates, SFA saturated fatty acids; MUFA monounsaturated fatty acids, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Note: Data presented as means ± SD are available in Additional file 1: Table S9
- *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.0001
- a(Daily intake as per FFQ – Daily intake as per 3-DFR)/(Daily intake as per 3-DFR) × 100
- bWilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare values obtained from both FFQ and 3-DFR
- cSpearman correlations were used to assess the relationship of energy, nutrient intakes and energy-adjusted nutrient intakes between 3-DFR and FFQ
- dThe residual method was used to calculate the energy-adjusted variables
