The effects of fatty fish intake on adolescents’ nutritional status and associations with attention performance: results from the FINS-TEENS randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Changes in the adolescents’ fatty acids levels (% of total fatty acids), serum 25(OH)D, serum ferritin and urinary iodine concentration during the intervention

Variables	Fish			Meat			Supplement
Variables	Post	Change	P ^a	Post	Change	P ^a	Post	Change	P ^a	P ^b	P ^c
LA, 18:2n-6 (%)	10.8 ± 1.4	0.0 ± 1.3	0.90	10.9 ± 1.2	0.1 ± 1.4	0.58	10.9 ± 1.3	− 0.1 ± 1.4	0.64	0.80	0.77
AA, 20:4n-6 (%)	13.4 ± 1.4	−2.2 ± 1.6	< 0.001	13.7 ± 1.3	− 1.9 ± 1.6	< 0.001	12.8 ± 1.4	− 2.8 ± 1.7	< 0.001	< 0.001^d,f	< 0.001^d,f
EPA, 20:5n-3 (%)	0.8 ± 0.3	− 0.1 ± 0.2	0.002	0.8 ± 0.4	− 0.1 ± 0.3	< 0.001	1.3 ± 0.5	0.5 ± 0.4	< 0.001	< 0.001^d,f	< 0.001^d,e,f
DPA, 22:5n-3 (%)	2.0 ± 0.3	− 0.3 ± 0.3	< 0.001	2.0 ± 0.3	− 0.4 ± 0.3	< 0.001	2.3 ± 0.3	0.0 ± 0.4	0.59	< 0.001^d,f	< 0.001^d,f
DHA, 22:6n-3 (%)	5.6 ± 1.0	0.6 ± 0.8	< 0.001	5.3 ± 1.1	0.3 ± 0.8	< 0.001	6.0 ± 0.8	1.2 ± 0.9	< 0.001	< 0.001^d,e,f	< 0.001^e,f
Omega-3 Index^g	6.4 ± 1.2	0.6 ± 0.9	< 0.001	6.1 ± 1.3	0.2 ± 1.0	0.016	7.3 ± 1.2	1.6 ± 1.1	< 0.001	< 0.001^d,e,f	< 0.001^d,e,f
s-25(OH)D (nmol/L)	54.4 ± 16.7	5.3 ± 14.9	< 0.001	51.6 ± 17.3	1.8 ± 12.2	0.07	50.9 ± 18.4	2.6 ± 11.7	0.009	0.07	0.032
s-Ferritin (μg/l)	39.9 ± 21.4	− 0.7 ± 18.1	0.66	38.1 ± 22.7	− 3.0 ± 14.8	0.017	37.0 ± 23.9	−3.3 ± 18.7	0.040	0.40	0.58
UIC (μg/L)	107.7 ± 72.2	− 11.6 ± 66.9	0.47	125.3 ± 70.3	2.4 ± 73.7	0.70	125.6 ± 65.8	0.9 ± 76.0	0.89	0.053	0.08

Abbreviations: AA arachidonic acid, LA linoleic acid, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, DPA Docosapentaenoic acid, DHA docosahexaenoic acid, s-25(OH)D serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, s-Ferritin serum ferritin, UIC; urinary iodine concentration
Total numbers may vary between variables due to varying numbers of missing data
^aP-value for comparison within intervention groups, paired samples t-test
^bP-value for comparison between intervention groups. ANCOVA (adjusted for the current outcome at baseline)
^cP-value for comparison between intervention groups. ANCOVA (adjusted for the current outcome at baseline and dietary compliance (i.e. the total intake of fish, meat or supplements)) during the trial
^dp < 0.01 fish - supplement, ^e p < 0.01 fish - meat, ^f p < 0.01 supplement - meat (Bonferroni correction for post-hoc comparison between intervention groups)
^eThe content of EPA and DHA expressed as percent of total fatty acids [6]
Data given as mean ± SD

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