Effect of weight loss on circulating fatty acid profiles in overweight subjects with high visceral fat area: a 12-week randomized controlled trial

Lee, Young Ju; Lee, Ayoung; Yoo, Hye Jin; Kim, Minjoo; Kim, Minkyung; Jee, Sun Ha; Shin, Dong Yeob; Lee, Jong Ho

doi:10.1186/s12937-018-0323-4

Table 3 GC-MS analysis of fatty acids in the weight-maintenance (control) and weight-loss groups at baseline and 12-week follow-up

From: Effect of weight loss on circulating fatty acid profiles in overweight subjects with high visceral fat area: a 12-week randomized controlled trial

Fatty acids (Relative peak area)	Weight-maintenance group (n = 38)			Weight-loss group (n = 37)			P ^a	P ^b	P ^c	P ^d
Fatty acids (Relative peak area)	Baseline		Follow-up	Baseline		Follow-up	P ^a	P ^b	P ^c	P ^d
Saturated fatty acids	7.292 ± 0.211		7.287 ± 0.215	7.166 ± 0.177		6.565 ± 0.243^*	0.650	0.029
Change		− 0.005 ± 0.216			− 0.601 ± 0.228				0.062	0.027
Lauric acid (C12:0)	0.033 ± 0.003		0.040 ± 0.005	0.027 ± 0.002		0.027 ± 0.003	0.063	0.032
Change		0.007 ± 0.005			0.000 ± 0.003				0.313	0.067
Myristic acid (C14:0)	0.307 ± 0.022		0.319 ± 0.029	0.260 ± 0.017		0.241 ± 0.031	0.105	0.068
Change		0.013 ± 0.028			− 0.019 ± 0.029				0.435	0.210
Pentadecylic acid (C15:0)	0.045 ± 0.002		0.046 ± 0.003	0.041 ± 0.002		0.046 ± 0.006	0.182	0.978
Change		0.001 ± 0.002			0.005 ± 0.006				0.505	0.466
Palmitic acid (C16:0)	4.762 ± 0.148		4.729 ± 0.135	4.646 ± 0.118		4.333 ± 0.113^*	0.545	0.028
Change		− 0.033 ± 0.152			− 0.313 ± 0.120				0.155	0.033
Stearic acid (C18:0)	2.011 ± 0.055		2.014 ± 0.059	2.054 ± 0.048		1.778 ± 0.108^**	0.557	0.058
Change		0.004 ± 0.056			− 0.276 ± 0.100				0.016	0.021
Arachidic acid (C20:0)	0.040 ± 0.002		0.041 ± 0.002	0.041 ± 0.001		0.041 ± 0.002	0.623	0.859
Change		0.001 ± 0.002			0.000 ± 0.003				0.808	0.978
Behenic acid (C22:0)	0.096 ± 0.005		0.098 ± 0.004	0.098 ± 0.004		0.099 ± 0.004	0.663	0.880
Change		0.003 ± 0.004			0.001 ± 0.005				0.759	0.938
Monounsaturated fatty acids	1.472 ± 0.052		1.457 ± 0.054	1.442 ± 0.046		1.235 ± 0.078^**	0.663	0.021
Change		− 0.015 ± 0.050			− 0.207 ± 0.068				0.026	0.017
Palmitoleic acid (C16:1, n-7)	0.196 ± 0.011		0.197 ± 0.012	0.192 ± 0.011		0.156 ± 0.012^**	0.777	0.018
Change		0.001 ± 0.011			− 0.035 ± 0.009				0.013	0.006
cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid (C17:1, n-7)	0.015 ± 0.001		0.014 ± 0.001	0.014 ± 0.001		0.014 ± 0.003	0.264	0.998
Change		0.000 ± 0.001			0.001 ± 0.003				0.675	0.709
Oleic acid (C18:1, n-9)	1.193 ± 0.041		1.176 ± 0.042	1.171 ± 0.036		0.997 ± 0.066^**	0.693	0.024
Change		− 0.016 ± 0.039			− 0.174 ± 0.057				0.025	0.018
Eicosenoic acid (C20:1, n-9)	0.011 ± 0.001		0.012 ± 0.001	0.010 ± 0.001		0.011 ± 0.002	0.158	0.638
Change		0.001 ± 0.001			0.001 ± 0.001				0.889	0.947
Erucic acid (C22:1, n-9)	0.008 ± 0.001		0.007 ± 0.001	0.007 ± 0.001		0.008 ± 0.001	0.576	0.476
Change		− 0.001 ± 0.001			0.001 ± 0.001				0.278	0.321
Nervonic acid (C24:1, n-9)	0.049 ± 0.002		0.050 ± 0.003	0.048 ± 0.002		0.049 ± 0.002	0.669	0.731
Change		0.001 ± 0.002			0.000 ± 0.003				0.979	0.824
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6)	2.965 ± 0.065		2.971 ± 0.069	2.844 ± 0.070		2.800 ± 0.067	0.208	0.080
Change		0.006 ± 0.055			− 0.044 ± 0.071				0.577	0.212
Linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6)	2.203 ± 0.052		2.194 ± 0.054	2.097 ± 0.051		2.089 ± 0.050	0.149	0.156
Change		− 0.009 ± 0.049			− 0.008 ± 0.052				0.992	0.449
γ-linolenic acid (C18:3, n-6)	0.038 ± 0.003		0.041 ± 0.005	0.030 ± 0.002		0.028 ± 0.002	0.065	0.033
Change		0.003 ± 0.004			− 0.002 ± 0.002				0.222	0.220
Eicosadienoic acid (C20:2, n-6)	0.022 ± 0.001		0.023 ± 0.001	0.021 ± 0.001		0.016 ± 0.001^***	0.519	< 0.001
Change		0.001 ± 0.001			− 0.005 ± 0.001				< 0.001	< 0.001
Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (C20:3, n-6)	0.122 ± 0.005		0.125 ± 0.006	0.111 ± 0.005		0.096 ± 0.006^*	0.168	0.001
Change		0.004 ± 0.005			− 0.015 ± 0.007				0.028	0.003
Arachidonic acid (C20:4, n-6)	0.547 ± 0.018		0.553 ± 0.020	0.550 ± 0.020		0.537 ± 0.021	0.927	0.584
Change		0.006 ± 0.013			− 0.013 ± 0.019				0.421	0.419
Docosatetraenoic acid (C22:4, n-6)	0.033 ± 0.002		0.034 ± 0.002	0.034 ± 0.002		0.033 ± 0.002	0.826	0.670
Change		0.001 ± 0.002			− 0.001 ± 0.002				0.490	0.505
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3)	0.477 ± 0.025		0.496 ± 0.040	0.477 ± 0.028		0.469 ± 0.034	0.999	0.619
Change		0.018 ± 0.035			− 0.008 ± 0.025				0.542	0.541
α-linolenic acid (C18:3, n-3)	0.115 ± 0.010		0.121 ± 0.009	0.099 ± 0.007		0.093 ± 0.010	0.182	0.037
Change		0.005 ± 0.008			- 0.007 ± 0.008				0.296	0.114
Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5, n-3)	0.112 ± 0.008		0.115 ± 0.016	0.110 ± 0.010		0.116 ± 0.013	0.867	0.978
Change		0.003 ± 0.015			0.006 + ±0.012				0.894	0.926
Docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5, n-3)	0.048 ± 0.003		0.050 ± 0.004	0.046 ± 0.002		0.044 ± 0.003	0.696	0.193
Change		0.002 ± 0.004			− 0.003 ± 0.002				0.257	0.195
Docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, n-3)	0.203 ± 0.016		0.210 ± 0.024	0.223 ± 0.019		0.217 ± 0.018	0.425	0.808
Change		0.007 ± 0.015			− 0.005 ± 0.012				0.513	0.527
Ratio n-6/n-3	6.786 ± 0.352		7.243 ± 0.493	6.600 ± 0.346		7.519 ± 0.673	0.707	0.742
Change		0.457 ± 0.421			0.919 ± 0.544				0.502	0.513
C16 Δ9-desaturase^a	0.041 ± 0.001		0.041 ± 0.002	0.041 ± 0.002		0.036 ± 0.002^**	0.992	0.058
Change		0.000 ± 0.001			− 0.005 ± 0.002				0.016	0.014
C18 Δ9-desaturase^b	0.593 ± 0.012		0.583 ± 0.011	0.569 ± 0.009		0.561 ± 0.010	0.111	0.144
Change		− 0.010 ± 0.013			− 0.008 ± 0.012				0.903	0.331
Δ6-desaturase^c	0.017 ± 0.002		0.019 ± 0.002	0.014 ± 0.001		0.014 ± 0.001	0.122	0.049
Change		0.001 ± 0.002			− 0.001 ± 0.001				0.264	0.211
Δ5-desaturase^d	4.725 ± 0.201		4.689 ± 0.214	5.141 ± 0.190		6.157 ± 0.336^**	0.137	< 0.001
Change		− 0.035 ± 0.154			1.017 ± 0.351				0.008	0.001
Elongase^e	0.426 ± 0.008		0.428 ± 0.007	0.444 ± 0.006		0.406 ± 0.014^*	0.092	0.161
Change		0.001 ± 0.010			− 0.038 ± 0.014				0.024	0.101

Mean ± SE. ^∮tested following logarithmic transformation. P^a-values derived from an independent t-test between the groups at baseline. P^b-values derived from an independent t-test between the groups at follow up. P^c-values derived from an independent t-test between the groups at changed values. P^d-values are P^c-values adjusted with the baseline values. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, and ^***P < 0.001 derived from a paired t-test. ^aC16 Δ9-desaturase = palmitoleic acid/palmitic acid. ^bC18 Δ9-desaturase = oleic acid/stearic acid. ^cΔ6-desatuarse = γ-linolenic acid/linoleic acid. ^dΔ5-desaturase = arachidonic acid/dihomo-γ-linolenic acid. ^eElongase activity = stearic acid/palmitic acid

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