Table 2 Clinical characteristics, lifestyles and carotid measurements of the study population
From: Diet quality and carotid atherosclerosis in intermediate cardiovascular risk individuals
OVERALL (n = 500) | MEN (n = 272; 54.4%) | WOMEN (n = 228; 45.6%) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 60.3 ± 8.4 | 59.0 ± 8.5 | 61.9 ± 8.0 | 0.002 |
Level of education | <0.01 | |||
Higher education | 114 (22.8) | 78 (28.7) | 36 (15.8) | |
High school | 153 (30.6) | 95 (34.9) | 58 (25.4) | |
Primary studies | 233 (46.6) | 99 (36.4) | 134 (58.8) | |
Smoking (n, %) | 107 (21.4) | 64 (23.5) | 43 (18.9) | 0.229 |
Physical activity (METs/h/week) | 3541 ± 3358 | 4175 ± 3977 | 2784 ± 2202 | <0.01 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 28.3 ± 4.2 | 28.3 ± 3.5 | 28.2 ± 4.9 | 0.733 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133.9 ± 16.6 | 136.3 ± 15.9 | 131. ± 17.0 | 0.004 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 81.3 ± 10.8 | 82.9 ± 10.1 | 79.3 ± 11.2 | 0.003 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 70.3 ± 11.2 | 69.1 ± 11.7 | 71.7 ± 10.5 | 0.010 |
Obesity, BMI ≥30 (n, %) | 137 (27.4) | 69 (25.4) | 68 (29.8) | 0.270 |
Hypertension (n, %) | 401 (80.2) | 226 (83.1) | 175 (76.8) | 0.002 |
Diabetes (n, %) | 138 (27.6) | 87 (32.0) | 51 (22.4) | 0.016 |
Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 418 (83.6) | 221 (81.39) | 197 (86.4) | 0.146 |
Antihypertensive (n, %) | 266 (53.2) | 146 (53.7) | 120 (52.6) | 0.857 |
Antidiabetics (n, %) | 82 (16.4) | 52 (19.1) | 30 (13.2) | 0.089 |
Lipid lowering drugs (n, %) | 185 (37.0) | 99 (36.4) | 86 (37.7) | 0.781 |
Diet | ||||
Diet Quality Index (total score) | 40.08 ± 2.79 | 40.28 ± 2.83 | 39.85 ± 2.74 | 0.087 |
Vascular structure measurements | ||||
IMT (mean) | 0.73 ± 0.09 | 0.75 ± 0.10 | 0.72 ± 0.08 | 0.002 |
IMT (maximum) | 0.90 ± 0.11 | 0.92 ± 0.12 | 0.88 ± 0.10 | 0.003 |
Presence of plaque (n, %) | 83 (16.6) | 58 (21.3) | 25 (11.0) | 0.002 |
Carotid target organ damage (n, %) | 85 (17.0) | 59 (21.7) | 26 (11.4) | 0.003 |