Table 1 General characteristics of pregnant women and their babies
Characteristics | n | Mean ± S.D. or n (%) |
|---|---|---|
Pregnant women | ||
Age, yrs | 959 | 30.1 ± 3.5 |
Pre-pregnancy weight, kg | 950 | 55.4 ± 8.9 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 943 | 21.3 ± 3.2 |
Residential area | 960 | |
Seoul | 223 (23.2) | |
Cheonan | 298 (31.1) | |
Ulsan | 439 (45.7) | |
Family income, US$/month | 925 | |
<2000 | 250 (27.0) | |
2000-4000 | 512 (55.4) | |
>4000 | 163 (17.6) | |
Education | 941 | |
≤High school | 265 (28.1) | |
≤University | 186 (19.8) | |
≥Graduate school | 491 (52.2) | |
Nutritional supplements, yes | 960 | 410 (42.7) |
Secondhand smokers, yes | 898 | 772 (86.0) |
Urinary cotinine levels, μ mol/mol creatinine | 905 | 17.4 ± 152.1 |
Babies | ||
Gestational age, d | 939 | 274.9 ± 10.1 |
Birth length, cm | 920 | 50.5 ± 2.5 |
Birth weight, g | 959 | 3268.6 ± 424.7 |
Gender, girls | 955 | 458 (48.0) |
Umbilical cord blood mercury, μ g/L | 746 | 5.9 ± 3.7 |
Breastfeeding status, yes | 860 | 559 (65.0) |
BSID-II | 960 | |
MDI | 96.2 ± 11.9 | |
PDI | 96.0 ± 14.7 | |