Table 2 Intake of nutrients and diet indexes among the 15,995 VIP participants with 10-year follow-up dataa
Item | Women (n = 8,354) | Men (n = 7,641) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
At first visit | At second visit | At first visit | At second visit | |
Energy (kcal/day) | 1546 ± 424 | 1368 ± 394 | 2033 ± 610 | 1854 ± 575 |
Protein (g/day) | 55.7 ± 16.9 | 53.6 ± 17.3 | 70.0 ± 22.6 | 68.8 ± 23.4 |
Protein (E%) | 15.0 ± 2.1 | 16.4 ± 2.5 | 14.5 ± 2.2 | 15.5 ± 2.5 |
Carbohydrates (g/day) | 195.5 ± 59.8 | 161.6 ± 53.9 | 238.6 ± 81.0 | 206.6 ± 76.2 |
Carbohydrates (E%) | 52.3 ± 6.1 | 49.0 ± 7.4 | 49.1 ± 6.6 | 46.1 ± 7.4 |
Whole grain (g/2000 kcal) | 81.1 ± 34.7 | 88.0 ± 33.1 | 74.3 ± 30.3 | 71.5 ± 30.2 |
Sucrose (g/day) | 24.4 ± 12.6 | 18.1 ± 9.4 | 32.2 ± 18.3 | 25.3 ± 16.0 |
Sucrose (E%) | 6.5 ± 2.6 | 5.5 ± 2.2 | 6.6 ± 2.9 | 5.6 ± 2.8 |
Fat (g/day) | 56.0 ± 18.6 | 52.2 ± 18.3 | 80.8 ± 29.0 | 78.2 ± 28.2 |
Fat (E%) | 32.7 ± 5.9 | 34.6 ± 6.7 | 36.3 ± 6.5 | 38.3 ± 7.1 |
Saturated fat (g/day) | 23.0 ± 8.5 | 21.4 ± 8.3 | 33.8 ± 13.4 | 32.8 ± 13.2 |
Saturated fat (E%) | 16.4 ± 4.3 | 17.6 ± 5.3 | 19.1 ± 5.1 | 20.5 ± 6.0 |
PUFAb (g/day) | 9.0 ± 3.8 | 8.9 ± 3.9 | 12.9 ± 6.0 | 12.5 ± 6.1 |
PUFA (E%) | 5.3 ± 1.6 | 5.9 ± 1.9 | 5.8 ± 2.0 | 6.1 ± 2.3 |
Trans-fatty acids (g/day) | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 0.5 |
Trans-fatty acids (E%) | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.2 |
Cholesterol (g/day) | 0.15 ± 0.05 | 0.16 ± 0.06 | 0.22 ± 0.08 | 0.22 ± 0.09 |
Cholesterol (E%) | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.1 ± 0.03 | 0.1 ± 0.02 | 0.1 ± 0.03 |
Healthy Diet Score | 12.2 ± 4.0 | 12.0 ± 4.2 | 12.2 ± 3.8 | 11.8 ± 4.1 |
Diet inflammatory index | 1.0 ± 1.7 | 1.0 ± 1.7 | 0.8 ± 1.8 | 0.9 ± 1.9 |