Table 2 Regression analyses of associations of variables with leg strength, grip strength, fast-gait speed and timed up-and-go (TUG) times
Determinants of strength measures (leg and grip) | Regression of average leg strength/BMI | Regression of average grip strength/BMI | ||||||||||
Model 1, F(6, 49) = 3.30, P < 0.01 | Model 2, F(2, 53) = 9.79, P < 0.001 | Model 1, F(6, 49) = 6.25, P < 0.001 | Model 2, F(2, 53) = 17.74, P < 0.0001 | |||||||||
R2 = 0.29, adjusted R2 = 0.20 | R2 = 0.27, adjusted R2 = 0.24 | R2 = 0.43, adjusted R2 = 0.36 | R2 = 0.40, adjusted R2 = 0.38 | |||||||||
β | B (SE) | P | β | B (SE) | P | β | B (SE) | P | β | B (SE) | P | |
Gender (men = 1, women = 0) | 0.4450 | 0.3600 (0.0982) | 0.001 | 0.4537 | 0.3670 (0.0950) | <0.001 | 0.5406 | 0.3451 (0.0691) | <0.001 | 0.5573 | 0.3558 (0.0679) | <0.001 |
Age | −0.0727 | −0.0065 (0.0117) | ns | - | - | - | −0.1792 | −0.0127 (0.0082) | ns | - | - | - |
Folate | 0.1926 | 0.0078 (0.0057) | ns (0.173) | 0.2681 | 0.0109 (0.0048) | 0.026 | 0.3084 | 0.0099 (0.0040) | 0.017 | 0.3194 | 0.0102 (0.0034) | 0.004 |
Vitamin B12 | −0.0868 | −0.0003 (0.0005) | ns | - | - | - | −0.0138 | −0.00004(0.0003) | ns | - | - | - |
Vitamin D | 0.1036 | 0.0022 (0.0028) | ns | - | - | - | −0.0076 | −0.0001(0.0020) | ns | - | - | - |
Homocysteine | −0.0774 | −0.0039 (0.0067) | ns | - | - | - | 0.0515 | 0.0021(0.0047) | ns | - | - | - |
Determinants of speed measures (gait speed) | Regression of gait speed on average leg strength | Regression of gait speed on average leg strength/BMI | ||||||||||
Model 1′, F(5, 50) = 4.67, P <0.05 | Model 2′, F(2, 53) = 11.89, P < 0.001 | Model 1’, F(5, 50) = 6.09, P < 0.001 | Model 2’, F(2, 53) = 16.00, P < 0.0001 | |||||||||
R2 = 0.32, adjusted R2 = 0.25 | R2 0.31, adjusted R2 = 0.28 | R2 = 0.38, adjusted R2 = 0.32 | R2 = 0.38, adjusted R2 = 0.35 | |||||||||
β | B (SE) | P | β | B (SE) | P | β | B (SE) | P | β | B (SE) | P | |
Average leg strength | 0.4546 | 0.0126 (0.0330) | <0.001 | 0.4655 | 0.0129 (0.032) | <0.001 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Average leg strength/BMI | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.5291 | 0.3661 (0.0801) | <0.001 | 0.5347 | 0.3699 (0.0755) | <0.001 |
Age | −0.2979 | −0.0185 (0.0760) | 0.018 | −0.2788 | −0.0174 (0.0071) | 0.018 | −0.2541 | −0.0158 (0.0073) | 0.035 | −0.2491 | −0.0155 (0.0068) | 0.026 |
Vitamin B12 | −0.0269 | −0.0006 (0.0003) | ns | - | - | - | 0.0097 | 0.00002 (0.0003) | ns | - | - | - |
Vitamin D | 0.0848 | 0.0013 (0.0018) | ns | - | - | - | 0.0448 | 0.0007 (0.0017) | ns | - | - | - |
Homocysteine | 0.0044 | 0.0002 (0.0043) | ns | - | - | - | 0.0149 | 0.0005 (0.0041) | ns | - | - | - |
Determinants of speed and balance measures (TUG) | Regression of TUG on average leg strength | Regression of TUG on average leg strength/BMI | ||||||||||
Model 1', F(5, 50) = 3.20, P < 0.05 | Model 2', F(2, 53) = 7.57, P < 0.01 | Model 1', F(5, 50) = 4.24, P < 0.01 | Model 2', F(2, 53) = 10.38, P < 0.001 | |||||||||
R2 = 0.24, adjusted R2 = 0.17 | R2 0.22, adjusted R2 = 0.19 | R2 = 0.30, adjusted R2 = 0.23 | R2 = 0.28, adjusted R2 = 0.25 | |||||||||
β | B (SE) | P | β | B (SE) | P | β | B (SE) | P | β | B (SE) | P | |
Average leg strength | −0.3487 | −0.1555 (0.0559) | 0.008 | −0.3519 | −0.1569 (0.0541) | 0.005 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Average leg strength/BMI | - | - | - | - | - | - | −0.4315 | −4.7901 (1.3656) | 0.001 | −0.4230 | −4.7737 (1.3000) | 0.001 |
Age | 0.3026 | 0.3022 (0.1285) | 0.023 | 0.2934 | 0.2932 (0.1212) | 0.019 | 0.2649 | 0.2647 (0.1247) | 0.039 | 0.2683 | 0.2681 (0.1170) | 0.026 |
Vitamin B12 | −0.0492 | −0.0019 (0.0051) | ns | - | - | - | −0.0810 | −0.0030 (0.0049) | ns | - | - | - |
Vitamin D | −0.1251 | −0.0298 (0.0301) | ns | - | - | - | −0.0901 | −0.0214 (0.0292) | ns | - | - | - |
Homocysteine | −0.0736 | −0.0416 (0.0730) | ns | - | - | - | −0.0850 | −0.0481(0.0701) | ns | - | - | - |