Table 2 Changes in the levels of coenzyme Q10, vitamin E, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes activities, and inflammation in HCC patients after supplementation

 coenzyme Q10 (μM)

0.32 ± 0.14 (0.33)^a

0.38 ± 0.09 (0.37)

0.11 ± 0.15 (0.09)

0.27 ± 0.08 (0.27)

1.47 ± 0.82 (1.58)^e,d

1.19 ± 0.84 (1.35)^d

 vitamin E (μM)

11.84 ± 2.98 (11.66)

12.04 ± 4.13 (11.47)

0.20 ± 2.79 (0.51)

11.16 ± 2.20 (12.10)

11.52 ± 3.28 (10.54)

0.43 ± 2.29 (0.54)

 MDA (μM)

1.37 ± 0.34 (1.42)

1.41 ± 0.30 (1.37)

0.08 ± 0.35 (0.11)

1.48 ± 0.58 (1.33)

1.22 ± 0.31 (1.10)^e,d

−0.27 ± 0.68 (−0.33)^d

 SOD (U/mg protein)

16.94 ± 8.78 (13.10)

17.12 ± 5.79 (16.90)

0.73 ± 11.37 (3.00)

13.93 ± 4.35 (13.16)

21.26 ± 7.86 (22.02)^e,d

7.96 ± 7.15 (7.50)^d

 CAT (U/mg protein)

16.36 ± 7.97 (12.00)

15.24 ± 6.62 (12.80)

−1.71 ± 6.25 (0.29)

14.74 ± 7.63 (11.75)

18.00 ± 6.82 (16.76)^e,d

3.28 ± 7.76 (4.80)^d

 GPx (U/mg protein)

15.22 ± 5.76 (14.66)

12.73 ± 5.46 (12.20)

−1.10 ± 7.26 (−0.60)

15.94 ± 4.77 (17.46)

19.40 ± 8.34 (22.08)^e,d

4.08 ± 7.67 (4.70)^d

 hs-CRP (mg/L)

3.5 ± 3.6 (1.6)

2.1 ± 3.9 (0.8)

−1.5 ± 4.2 (−0.8)

4.2 ± 4.2 (2.8)

2.6 ± 4.2 (1.0)^e

−1.7 ± 4.8 (−1.3)

 TNF-α (pg/mL)

0.89 ± 0.71 (1.16)

1.77 ± 4.38 (0.73)

0.88 ± 4.59 (−0.10)

0.84 ± 0.78 (0.73)

1.06 ± 1.02 (0.86)

0.30 ± 1.19 (0.02)

 IL-6 (pg/mL)

3.76 ± 2.30 (3.44)

2.83 ± 3.64 (1.34)

−1.05 ± 3.72 (−1.65)

3.07 ± 2.03 (1.98)

1.62 ± 0.75 (1.70)^e

−0.49 ± 2.96 (−0.70)