Table 2 Subgroup analysis of relative risk of coffee intake for hip fracture
From: Effect of coffee intake on hip fracture: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Number of studies | Relative risk | 95% confidence intervals | I-square | P for heterogeneity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Countries | |||||
European countries | 5 | 1.08 | 0.59 to 2.00 | 78.9% | 0.001 |
USA | 5 | 1.20 | 0.89 to 1.62 | 79.0% | 0.001 |
Publication years | |||||
Before 2000 | 5 | 1.58 | 1.11 to 2.24 | 46.8% | 0.111 |
After 2000 | 5 | 0.84 | 0.62 to 1.14 | 74.0% | 0.004 |
Sex | |||||
Male | 2 | 0.53 | 0.38 to 1.00 | 26.2% | 0.244 |
Female | 6 | 1.27 | 0.94 to 1.72 | 76.4% | 0.001 |
Both | 2 | 1.19 | 0.50 to 2.82 | 79.8% | 0.026 |
Adjusted for calcium intake | |||||
Yes | 4 | 1.31 | 0.81 to 2.11 | 76.1% | 0.006 |
No | 6 | 1.07 | 0.69 to 1.66 | 83.7% | 0.000 |
Length of follow-up (years) | |||||
<10 | 3 | 1.28 | 0.82 to 1.98 | 68.7% | 0.041 |
10-20 | 5 | 0.71 | 0.45 to 1.12 | 89.2% | 0.002 |
>20 | 2 | 1.46 | 0.92 to 2.29 | 50.6% | 0.088 |