Usage patterns, health, and nutritional status of long-term multiple dietary supplement users: a cross-sectional study

Table 3 Dietary supplement usage patterns of long-term users of multiple dietary supplements (Multiple Supp users).

Dietary supplement type	Average daily usage	% of women who were daily users	% of men who were daily users
Multivitamin/mineral (with or without iron)	*	89.5	84.7
B-Complex	^†	87.7	79.5
Vitamin C	1000 mg/d	86.4	80.3
Vitamin E (d-alpha tocopherol and mixed tocopherols)	800 IU/d	79.0	74.4
Carotenoids	^‡	79.6	74.4
Flavonoids (from a variety of sources)	362 mg/d	86.4	52.1
Calcium with vitamin D	^§	81.5	68.4
Zinc	15 mg/d	48.2	55.6
Lecithin	3.1 g/d	71.6	66.7
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa, leaf)	2.85 g/d	75.9	70.9
Garlic (Allium sativum, clove)	1 g/d	49.4	54.7
Omega-3 fatty acids (from fish oil)	1000 mg/d	81.5	73.5
Coenzyme Q10 with resveratrol	^#	69.8	64.1
Soy protein isolate	14 g/d	46.9	55.6
Glucosamine hydrochloride	1500 mg/d	59.3	57.3
Saw palmetto extract (Serenoa repens, berry)	320 mg/d	1.9	67.5
Gamma linolenic acid (from borage seed oil)	180 mg/d	62.4	35.0
Probiotic supplement (from Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus acidophilus)	^††	50.0	32.5
Herbal immune supplement	^‡‡	60.5	58.1

*35–200% of the Daily Value for 25 vitamin and minerals and also includes 5 trace minerals.
^†200–2700% of the Daily Value for 8 B vitamins.
^‡5000 IU/d vitamin A as beta carotene, 5 mg/d lycopene, 5 mg/d lutein, 1.5 mg/d alpha carotene, 200 mcg/d zeaxanthin, 400 mcg/d astaxanthin.
^§1500 mg/d calcium, 600 IU/d vitamin D, 600 mcg/d vitamin K, 600 mg/d magnesium, and <15% of the Daily value for zinc, copper, and manganese.
^#30 mg/d coenzyme Q10 and 640 mcg/d resveratrol.
^††250 million/d Bifidobacterium longum and 250 million/d Lactobacillus acidophilus.
^‡‡500 mg/d plant extracts from pumpkin seed (Curcubita moschata), safflower flower (Carthamus tinctorius), asian plantain seed (Plantago asiatica), Japanese honeysuckle flower (Lonicera japonica).

ISSN: 1475-2891